大学生实用英语 教材 新风尚 综合教程2 《课后参》

Key to the Exercises Section A Passage A II. Reading Comprehension Based on what you have learned from the text, decide whether the following statements are true (T), false (F) in the text. 1) T 2) T 3) F Children could not be trusted to learn naturally without a great deal of direction and criticism. 4) T 5) F Yet absolute respect is required when there is absolute authority, so we didn’t question more than once and obediently complied with their rules. 6) F 7) T 8) F The author set them out for readers so readers might consider what kind of rules they learned from the family in which they grew up — and what kinds of rules they’re teaching their children. III. Vocabulary and Structure 1. Select words from what are given and fill in the blanks with their proper forms。 。 (1) discussions (2) perspective (3) original (4) expected (5) existing (6) to admit (7) unwilling (8) prevented (9) effective (10) be understood 2. Choose the right word and complete the sentence with its proper form。 。 1）(1) rare 人类活动在某种程度上可能破坏了野生动物的生存环境，尤其是珍稀动物。 (2) scarce 由于夏季的一场大洪水导致去年蔬菜短缺。 (3) rare 他是一个对自己严格要求的人，因此不守时对他来说是很少见的。 (4) scarce 对水源的保护是有必要的，因为对于世界上很多国家来说水是稀有能源。 2）(1) strict 严格意义上说，霜冻仅指摄氏温度在零度或零度以下。 (2) severe 这是一所为学习困难儿童而建的学校。 (3) strict 我的父母在我很小的时候对我很严厉。 (4) severe 正面临严厉的指责。 3）(1) confirms 显然他的声明进一步证实了我们所知的事情。 (2) confirm 请以书面形式确认您的抵达日期 (3) decided 他发觉修理电脑花费太高，因此他买了一台新的。 (4) to decide 我等他们决定已经等了一整天了。 IV. Practical Grammar 1. Fill in the following sentences with the proper form of the words given, and then check your answers with your partner. 1) illegal 2) impossible 3) unsuccessful 8) dishonest 4) irresponsible 5) inappropriate 9) imperfect 10) discontented 6) impolite 7) irreligious 1

2．Study the model sentence first and then complete the following sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets。 。 1) starting to work for an international company 她完成学业后就开始在一家国际公司工作。 2) Having lived there for such a long time 在那里住了好长时间，他就不想搬到其他城镇了。 3) trying to rescue the child from the house 他冲进火场试图把房子里的孩子救出来 4) just not having much in common with him 我并不是反对他只不过是与他没有更多相同之处 5) Not having ridden a horse for several years 好几年没有骑马了， 我发觉很难安坐在马鞍上了。 V. Translate the following sentences into English, using the expressions in brackets. 1. He is quite rich in terms of knowledge he has with himself. 2. Laws must be complied with no matter what is done, which is the basis of a civilized society. 3. The hardship he experienced in his childhood had a great effect on his success. 4. The spokesperson refused to make an official comment on the affair. 5. The form cannot be signed by anyone other than yourself. 6. How important peace is to a country that has gone through so many wars. Section B Reading Skills Find out the meanings of the words in italics by taking context clues and then discuss your answers with your partner. 1) general information without details 2) lacking in energy; feeling unwilling and unable to do anything 3) something false in order to deceive 4) hidden or secret 5) something mysterious Passage B Ⅰ. Reading Comprehension 1. Try to figure out the meanings of the words in italics in the following sentences in the text and then discuss your answers with your partner. 1) a substitute who seldom plays 2) not clearly 3) a way of telling someone to not give up, despite difficulties 4) extremely excited 5) extreme in a way that is unpleasant 2. Understand the passage. Write down your answers and then discuss them with

your partner. 1) loved football and decided to hang in there 2) always puts his heart and soul to every practice and provided the other memebers with the needed spirit and energy 3) his father died in the morning 4) his dad could see him play and the young man wanted to show him he could do it II. Vocabulary and Structure 1. Using each of the following words or phrases in the box in the sentence given below. 2

Change the form where necessary. 1) hoisted 2)were thrilled 3) slipped 4) persist 5) are surviving 6 )eager 7) absolutely 8) triumph 2. Translate the given parts into English to complete the sentences. Some of the expressions you need have already been suggested. 1) was fairly eager to be successful 她雄心勃勃工作着并迫切渴望成功。 2) If he persists in asking awkward questions 如果他固执地问那些让人尴尬的问题，那么就把 他打发到老板那儿。 3) He was thoroughly astonished 他听说自己儿子吸毒感到十分震惊。 4) you are more persistent than I would have ever imagined 面对困难你比我想象中的还要坚强。 5) people all break loose from confinement 当的新趋势即将到来时， 人们全都挣脱了束缚。 Section C Passage C I. Reading Comprehension Try to complete the sentences in the fewest possible words based on what you have learned from the text. 1) some wisdom and value 2) path, work and everyday life 3) costs and misfortunes 4) work for his son 5) negatives into positives 6) stepping stone to success 7) Enjoying the journey of life 8) wonderful human being II. Test Zone 1. There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C), D). You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. 1）C） 2）B） 3）D） 4）A） 5）C） 6）B） 7）A） 8）A） 9）B） 10）A） 11）A） 12）B） 13）A） 14）C） 15）D） 16）A） 17）B） 18）A） 19）C）20）B） 2. Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked A, B, C and D. Identify the mistaken one and correct it. 1) D take over 改为 be taken over 2) D done 改为 do 3) A satisfying 改为 satisfied 4) C causing 改为 is caused 5) C unfamiliarly 改为 unfamiliar 6) C became 改为 has become Section D Writing and Translation Writing—Building an argument I. Use your own words to complete each sentence, which builds an argument. Some of the words and expressions you may use have been suggested to you. 1. many of us consume far less than we need to stay healthy 2. male handbags are long overdue in this country 3. its ambiguity and constant change 3

4. far healthier, safer and better educated than they were in 1900 5. to close down or privatize these state-owned banks 6. the reality can be different 7. protect the environment from pollution 8. her mother used to sing it 9. the necessity of punishment in a just social order 10. outdoor activities Translation 主谓结构 主谓结构 III. Translation — More exercises 1. Translate the following into English 1. The two languages are not similar to each other in many ways. 2. She often teaches these children to sing English songs. 3. Could you hand me a cup of coffee, please? 4. We can build only one house with these materials. 5. The United States has more advantages over the other countries in investing in these areas. 6. I often hear some university presidents say, “I treat the students as if they were my own children.” 2. Proverbs & Sayings a. Every failure one meets with adds to one’s experience. b. Many irons in the fire, part must cool. Unit 2 Culture and Education Keys to the Exercises

Section A Passage A II. Reading Comprehension 1. Based on what you have learned from the text, decide whether the following statements are true (T), false (F) in the text. 1) T 2) F Unless you

have some training though, these last two reasons might not be a good reason to homeschool. 3) T 4) F studies show that homeschooled kids often have better social adjustment than kids who go to school 5) T 6) T 7) F Is homeschooling appropriate to everyone? No. 8) F So take into account all of the factors before you make a decision whether you should homeschool your child or not to make sure that you make a sensible choice. III. Vocabulary and Structure 4

1. Select words from what are given and fill in the blanks with their proper forms. (1) dreamed (2) desire (3) has added (4) intelligent (5) challenged (6) devised (7) Choosing (8) topics (9) advantage (10) outweigh 2. Choose the right word and complete the sentence with its proper form. 1) (1) opposed 大多数当地居民反对关闭他们的医院。 (2) opposed 我反对这项决议，因为它不切实际。 (3) object 如果我们现在开会，有人反对吗？ (4) objected to 他反对被当作外人来对待。 2) (1) percentage 生完孩子回到工作岗位的妇女占多大百分比？ (2) percent 我百分之百同意你的看法。 (3) percent 贫困家庭大约把 80%到 90%的收入花在食品上。 (4) percentage 我们只有一少部分外文书。 3) (1) factor 经济被认为是决定大选结果的主要因素。 (2) elements 把组成完美晚餐聚会的部分列成单。 (3) factor 委员会的支持是该项目取得成功的一个重要因素。 (4) elements 这部电影具有恐怖片所有的要素。 IV. Practical Grammar 1. Fill in the following sentences with the proper form of the words given, and then check your answers with your partner. 1) mistrust 2) interacts 3) misplaced 4) interchange 5) being misspent 6) interrelate 7）misunderstood 8) misapplied 9) interconnected 10) interlink 2. Study the model sentence first and then complete the following sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. 1) As it was getting late 因为天色已晚，我决定在旅店订个房间。 2) Angry as he was 尽管他很生气，但是他还是禁不住笑了。 3) As is often the case with children 像孩子的常见病一样， 艾米在医生到来的时候完全好了。 4) as I was coming into the apartment building 当我走进公寓大楼时，他看到了我并把我拦了 下来。 5) As I was just saying 正如我刚刚说过的那样，我认为需要进一步考虑这项提议。 V. Translate the following sentences into English, using the expressions in brackets. 1. Nothing can hold them back from success. 2. Their research has thrown some new light on the mystery of life. 3. I decided to concentrate all my efforts on finding somewhere to live. 4. She took advantage of children’s absence to clean their rooms. 5. With the growth of the world population, we are faced with the increase in the demand for food. 6. People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation. Section B Reading Skills Find out the meanings of the expressions in italics and then discuss your answers with your partner. 1) in speech but not in writing 2) to forcefully make known what you think should happen: 3) you should not judge something or someone by appearances 5

4) to avoid getting into trouble 5) to be grateful for the good things in your life Passage B I. Reading Comprehension 1. Try to figure out the meanings of the expressions in italics in the following sentences and then discuss your answers with your partner. 1) to turn around and run away, usually because you are frightened 2) you are completely certain 3) to stop whatever you are doing 4) with the knowledge that experience gives you 5) to become extremely angry 2. Understanding the passage. Write down your answers and then discuss them with your partner. 1) I was poor at my study and wanted to follow my dream 2) he wanted to teach me something special and valuable 3) he was not a real bum, but one of the wealthiest men in the world, who had everything that money could buy 4) to never judge a book by its cover and to learn how to

read II. Vocabulary and Structure 1. Using each of the following words or phrases in the box in a sentence given below. Change the form where necessary. 1) surfing 2) journey 3) Originally 4) revolve 5) disability 6) had encountered 7) magnificent 8) undergo 2. Translate the parts given in Chinese into English to complete the sentences. Some of the expressions you need have already been suggested. 1) inquired of the staff at the information stand how he could get to the police station 他紧张地 询问信息亭的工作人员派出所在什么地方。 2) Helen was set on going to the party 海伦决意去参加宴会，即使她的父母为此会不高兴。 3) reminds passengers to take their belongings 这个出租车司机经常在乘客们下车的时候提醒 他们携带自己的物品。 4) when I managed to catch hold of his coat 他差一点掉进池塘里， 幸亏我一把抓住他的大衣。 5) I bet what you are worrying about now 我相信你现在正在担心的事情是否打包了足够的 东西。 Section C Passage C I. Reading Comprehension 1. Try to complete the sentences in the fewest possible words based on what you have learned from the text. 1) keep them safe; help them make good decisions 2) will stop trusting their parents 3) tell children frankly they’ll be spied on 4) Communication/ Conversation 5) talk with their parents 6

6) establish their identity and social networks; spend more time with peers; do things differently from their parents 7) think for themselves; thrive on their own 8) Yes, but in an honest way II. Test Zone 1. There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. 1) A) 2) D) 3) A) 4) D) 5) B) 6) C) 7) C) 8) B) 9) A) 10) D) 11) C) 12) B) 13) B) 14) D) 15) A) 16) D) 17) A) 18) C) 19) A) 20) B) 2. Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked A, B, C and D. Identify the mistaken one and correct it. 1) B five-man 2) A not until 3) D would have been 4) A have made 5) D themselves 6) B is Section D Writing & Translation Writing — Making Comparisons 1. Use your own words to complete each sentence, which deals with sources or supports an argument. Some of the words and expressions you may use have been suggested to you. 1. compared with/ in comparison with 2. comparision 3. a new drug may cost millions of pounds to develop but only a few pence per unit to produce 4. it is equally true 5. Most have abandoned in-house component manufacturing 6. All the riches in the world 7. it was last year 8. national policy 9. buying a secondhand car 10. what human beings do Translation — 英语中复合谓语的翻译 III. Translate the following sentences into English. 1. The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect. 2. She appears to be very tired and sad. 3. Is this the problem to be discussed at the meeting next Friday? 4. Tom ought not to have told me your secret, but he meant no harm. 5. The new secretary is supposed to report to the managers as soon as he/she arrives. 6. John was made to wash the truck for a week as a punishment. Proverbs & Sayings a. Birds of a feather flock together. b. Habit cures habit. 7

Unit 3 Key to the Exercises Sports and Leisure

Section A Passage A II. Reading Comprehension 1) F American people play indoor sports whatever the weather. 2) T 3) F Sports stars make a lot of money not only by gaining salaries as professional athletes, but also by appearing in advertisements for soft drinks, shoes and even makeup. 4) T 5) T 6) F Golf, boxing and basketball were brought into America by European immigrants. 7)T 8)T III. Vocabulary and Structure 1. Select words from what are given and fill in the blanks with their proper forms. (1) active (2) catch (3) image (4) delicacy (5) be involved (6)

view (7) have allowed (8) considered (9) highly (10) different 2. Choose the right word and complete the sentence with its proper form. 1) (1) takes 晚上我花了半个小时做家庭作业。 (2) occupies 奥利弗先生在外交部身居要职。 (3) taking 明明病了，医生正在给他量体温。 (4) occupies 他承担好几个研究项目。 2) (1) variety 准备饭菜的时候，要考虑菜式的多样，口感还有营养价值。 (2) variety 提交上来的对新艺术馆的多种设计方案体现了如今建筑学的范围之广。 (3) kind 说实话，我不喜欢那种类型的电影。 (4) kinds 大家都知道如今的车辆使用两种燃料——汽油和柴油。 3) (1) illustrated 那个演讲者在黑板上用图表说明了他的主要论点。 (2) represent 事故受害者请了一个著名律师代表他们出庭。 (3) representing 那个博物馆有几幅画代表了这个艺术家的早期风格。 (4) illustrates 很明显，最近的几次冲突更加表明了联合国的。 IV. Practical Grammar 1. Fill in the following sentences with the proper form of the words given, and then check your answers with your partner. 1) recalled 6) reconsidered 2) precautions 7) preface 3) reclaim 8) reconstructing 4) prejudge 5) recollected 9) to be previewed 10) regained

2．Study the model sentence first and then complete the following sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. 1) far more than I (had) intended to 我去纽约旅行花的钱比我计划的要多得多。 8

2) We have taken much more luggage with us than 我们所携带的行李大大的超出了我们所需 要的。 3) still higher than that was announced last week 在爆炸中死亡的人数要比上周所报道的高的 多。 4) The next 36 hours will be even colder 暴风雪范围扩大，接下来的 36 个小时将会更冷。 5) he finds physics far more difficult than other science subjects 汤姆说他觉得物理大大难于其 他理科课程。 V. Translate the following sentences into English, using the expressions in brackets. 1. Hundreds of people flocked to the football match yesterday evening. 2. I had seen her before on TV, but she looked very different when I met her in person. 3. It is still a secret how the company made big money last year. 4. The concert was brilliant — it lived up to all our expectations. 5. In the anti-Japanese war, the Eighth Route Army took center court. 6. The Minister for Foreign Affairs has already communicated on this event with the American President. Section B Reading Skills Find out the key ideas in the following sentences and then work in pairs sharing your answers with your partner. 1）many advantages and disadvantages, fast-food restaurant chains 2）Americans play, variety of other sports 3）America’s devotion to athletics, created, wealthy people 4）they export sports 5）sports fans, buy expensive tickets, watch favorite teams and athletes Passage B I. Reading Comprehension 1. Try to figure out the key words in the following sentences and then discuss your answers with your partner. 1) I had, rude awakening 2) I spent time doing , David Attenborough 3) we have dates 4) I useless at golf, my opinion changed 5) I come to learn, a great deal of skill , hit a ball 2. Understand the passage. Write down your answers and then discuss them with your partner. 1) all the other sports 2) hit a golf ball straight 3) exchanged golf disaster stories 4) cheer for those good players II. Vocabulary and Structure 1. Using each of the following words or phrases in the box in a sentence given below. Change 9

the form where necessary. 1) belongs to 2) attack 3) had been assigned 4) extreme 5) exert 6) murky 7) retired 8) in vain 2. Translate the parts given in Chinese into English to complete the sentences. Some of the expressions you need have already been suggested. 1) recover from her heart operation. 好长时间后她才从心脏手术中恢复健康。 2) in regard to your financial situation. 他想和你谈谈你的经济状况。 3) came across some of his old letters 他在妻子的抽

屉里偶然发现了一些他以前的信。 4) so I didn’t manage to get any bread. 面包店关门了，所以我没买到面包。 5) sink the posts into the ground. 建篱笆的第一步是把桩子埋入地里。 Section C Passage C I. Reading Comprehension Try to complete the sentences in fewest possible words based on what you have learned from the text. 1. physical and mental system 2. manage their life efficiently 3. the right breathing system 4. join yoga with group 5. their physical conditions 6. see your family doctor 7. quiet and private 8. practice yoga regularly II. Test Zone 1. There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Please choose the one that best fits into the passage. 1) C 2) B 3) B 4) D 5) A 6) C 7) B 8) C 9) B 10) C 11) B 12) A 13) C 14) C 15) B 16) A 17) C 18) B 19) B 20) C 2. Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked A, B, C and D. Identify the mistaken one and correct it. 1) A too 2) B as 3) C in person 4) C paying 5) A would rather 6) C whom Section D Writing &Translation Writing—Work out a statement supported by details I. The following are four outlines. Complete them by adding either a logical supporting point(s) or a statement that will contain the points. 1. b) Some are full of empty promises. c) Some even threaten people’s lives. 2. There are many advantages of online advertising. 3. In modern society, people’s work is becoming more pressing and urgent. 4. a) Make our life simpler, more convenient and comfortable 10

b) Easier and faster to communicate with other people Translation英语中附加语的翻译 英语中附加语的翻译 III. TranslationMore exercises 1. Translate the following sentences into English. 1. John Lennon, the famous singer, was killed in 1980. 2. He is playing with his son under the tree at this moment. 3. It’s true that he speaks English more fluently than any of us. 4. What were you doing in the classroom yesterday afternoon? 5. I usually go shopping in the central avenue on Wednesday afternoon. 6. The teacher said, “Everybody can speak freely.” Proverbs & Saying a. Knowledge makes humble, ignorance makes proud. b. Kings have long arms. Unit 4 Travel and Entertainment Keys to the Exercises

Section A Passage A II. Reading Comprehension 1. Based on what you have learned from the text, decide whether the following statements are true (T), false (F) in the text. 1) F 2) F 3) T 4) T 5) T 6) T 7) F 8) T III. Vocabulary and Structure 1. Select words from what are given and fill in the blanks with their proper forms. （1）move (2 )territory (3) average （4） have commuted （5） multitude （6 ）appealing （7） head （8 ）resorts （9） thrill （10） disturbing 2. Choose the right word and complete the sentence with its proper form. 1） （1）emigrated 他已经放弃了他的美国国籍并移民到中国。 (2) shall immigrate 很难说她的女儿会移民到意大利。 (3) emigrating 移民潮有可能造成人才外流。 (4) to immigrate 第二次世界大战后鼓励欧洲家庭从故土移民到澳大利亚。 2) (1) sensitive 他必须要戴上太阳镜，因为他的眼睛对强光敏感。 11

(2) sensible 你可以清晰地解释你的想法，他们是很开通的父母。 (3) sensitive 他对于别人的负面评价很敏感，这是他进步的障碍。 (4) sensible 面对紧急情况，人应该保持冷静。 3) (1) appeal (2) attracted (3) attract (4) appealing IV. Practical Grammar 1. Fill in the following sentences with the proper form of the words given, and then check your answers with your partner. 1) outstretched 2) outside 3) outplayed 4) outran 5) overvalued

6) overpaid 7) outflow 8) overload 9) overflow 10) outgrown 2. Study the model sentence first and then complete the following sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. 1) No matter where you choose to live 2) No matter who was in charge of International

Sales 3) No matter what else may be said of him 4) No matter which you choose 5) no matter how much it costs V. Translate the following sentences into English, using the expressions in brackets. 1. People choose to drive private cars because they are not content to enjoy what public transport offers to them. 2. When Spring Festival comes，Chinese head for their own home no matter how far they are. 3. Traditional Chinese culture appeals to people all over the world without preference for skin color, race or language. 4. A multitude of thoughts filled his mind, and he was at a loss at the time. 5. As a decision maker, one must be good at seeking out the priorities in a complex situation. 6. Success, for one thing, depends on opportunities. For another, it depends on continuous effort. Section B Reading Skills Look at the following sentences and discuss with your partner whether they are facts( F) or ( O ) opinions. 1) F 2) O 3)F 4) O 5) F Passage B I. Reading Comprehension 1. Try to figure out the meanings of the expressions in italics in the following sentences and then discuss your answers with your partner. 1）purchase camping equipment 2）avoid placing the ground tarp outside the tent 3）pots, pans, tea kettle made of metal and particle barbecue 12

4）it can keep food from being spoiled II. Vocabulary and Structure 1. Using each of the following words or phrases in the box in a sentence given below. Change the form where necessary. 1) to shelter 2) Position 3) portable 4) in place 5) keep out of 6) excess 7) staked 8) banned 2. Translate the parts given in Chinese into English to complete the sentences. Some of the expressions you need have already been suggested. 1）She saved up her strength 她保存体力为了最后冲刺 2）is removed from 你现在说的与你之前说的大相径庭。 3）We have only a few hours to set up 展览开始之前我们仅有几个小时做准备 4）The preparation is in place 定于下周四的音乐会准备工作已经就绪。 5）I do not think your plan will work 我认为你的计划行不通，因为它不实际。 Section C Passage C I. Reading Comprehension 1. Try to complete the sentences in the fewest possible words based on what you have learned from the text. 1) fitness, facilities and length of trips 2) listen to customers continuously 3) more than 40 nationalities 4) to enjoy remote locations and escape the crowds 5) information source, mechanic, cold and the entertainer 6) enough knowledge and skills 7) different road conditions 8) communication skills II. Test Zone 1. There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. 1) A 2) D 3) C 4) D 5) B 6) D 7) B 8) B 9) A 10) D 11) D 12) A13) A 14) A 15) C 16) B 17) D18) C19) C 20) C 2. Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked A, B, C and D. Identify the mistaken one and correct it. 1) B that 2) 无错 3) A been removed 4) B plays 5) A considered 6) D rebuilding Section D Writing & Translation Writing—Making contrasts I. Use your own words to complete each sentence, which makes contrast. Some of the words 13

and expressions you may use have been suggested to you. 1. you raise the rate of economic growth 2. political and social differences 3. he enjoys playing football very much 4. the rest of the England team 5. it belonged to the state 6. abilities 7. they cannot afford a house there 8. we like it so much that we do it again and again 9. feeding the world is a matter of distribution and production methods rather than sophisticated bioengineering 10. 100 yen will buy $ 1 Translation——英语中的修饰语 ——英语中的修饰语 ——英语 Ⅲ. Translation - More exercises 1. Translate the following into English. 1. There are some comfortable black chairs in the living room. 2. Equipment used for ventilation needs checking carefully. 3. Truth that can stand

the test of practice is worth learning. 4. He, who is not rich, has been sponsoring these children. 5. Miners having been trapped in the mine for 20 hours were eventually rescued. 6. I shall never give up the principles that I have been sticking to in work. Proverbs and Sayings a. Do not keep all the eggs in one basket. b. Great minds think alike. Unit 5 Mass Media Key to the Exercises

Section A Passage A II. Reading Comprehension 1. Based on what you have learned from the text, decide whether the following statements are true (T), false (F) in the text. 1) F Media tends to influence and it’s obvious. There are positive as well as negative influences of mass media. 2) T 3) T 4) T 14

5) F A journalist or an editor may give personal preference to an issue. 6) T 7) F It is not mentioned. 8) F Ultimately, it always depends upon the individual and the way a particular message is perceived for a positive influence of the mass media! III. Vocabulary and Structure 1. Select words from what are given and fill in the blanks with their proper forms. (1) development (2) traced (3) were performed (4) prosper (5) origin (6) primary (7) facilities (8) latest (9) provided (10) various 2. Choose the right word and complete the sentence with its proper form. 1) (1) gazed 当我告诉我的妻子这条新闻时，她怀疑地盯着我。 (2) glanced 露西害羞地扫视了那个帅小伙然后垂下眼帘。 (3) glance 我匆匆看一眼她的脸庞，知道她非常累了。 (4) gazing 泰勒先生注视展览几分钟，然后回到商店。 2） (1) excessive 少数病例中似乎是由于超重或受伤引起的。 (2) extreme 该国北端的高山全年被积雪覆盖。 (3) excessive 你可以根据速度计上的指示读数来判定汽车超速。 (4) extreme 下雨了，所以你开车的时候一定要极其小心。 3) (1) proportion 那个地区男女比例是多少？ (2) proportion 基金的固定部分会被投资到英国的公司。 (3) percentage 越来越多的人口拥有自己的住所和汽车。 (4) percentage 在我国被大学录取的学生占百分之几？ IV. Practical Grammar 1. Fill in the following sentences with the proper form of the words given and then check your answers with your partner. 1) subzero 2) subconscious 3) subhuman 4) submerged 5) subordination 6) sublet 7) subsection 8) subway 9) subdivided 10) subsided 2．Study the model sentence first and then complete the following sentences by translating ． into English the Chinese given in brackets. 1) such a lot of weight that 我胖了这么多，裤子都穿不上了。 2) such a way that 我设法以不会冒犯她的一种方式来告诉她。 3) such that we don’t really need an evening meal 我们的午餐如此糟糕我们真的不需要吃晚 饭了。 4) such a wonderful speech that 他的演讲如此精彩以至于每个出席会议的人都对他称赞不 已。 5) Such a few people came that 来的人那么少会议不得不推迟。 V. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions in brackets. 1. Our beliefs and actions have been approved by the general public and the society at large. 2. Our efforts have brought about a great change for the better in backward areas. 3. I like the general style of this building, but the chimneys are out of proportion—they’re too big. 4. In terms of natural resources, it is one of the poorest countries in South American. 5. It is best to be properly prepared before climbing in case of any disaster. 6. Please pronounce the word the way the teacher does. 15

Section B Passage B I. Reading Comprehension 1. Read the following sentences carefully, and identify simile (S) and metaphor (M) and personification ( P ), and then discuss your choices with your partner. 1) M 2) P 3) P 4) M 5) S 6) P 7) M 8) P 9) S 10) S 2. Understand the passage. Write

down your answers and then discuss them with your partner. 1) that they are composed of words printed on paper by ink 2) those books which are designed to be consulted 3) “live coverage” 4) rather unrealistic 5) much more to gain than to fear II. Vocabulary and Structure 1. Fill in the gaps in the following sentences with the words or phrases chosen from the box. Change the form where necessary. 1) is composed of 2) competence 3) characteristics 4) ritual 他照例 填满烟斗, 然後点着它。 5) considerable 6) brief 7) has maintained 8) be transferred 2. Translate the parts given in Chinese into English to complete the sentences. Some of the expressions you need have already been suggested. 1) rather than declares its own 真正在友谊总是预见到别人的需要，而不是宣布自己需要什 么。 2) look forward to meeting you in the near future 感谢你友好的关心， 希望近期有机会与你面 谈。 3) lies in his perception of his own smallness 证明一个人真正的伟大首要是在于认识到自己 的渺小。 4) with a couple of books under his arm 他腋下夹着几本书返回来并把书放在桌子上。 5) on the other hand I enjoy the work I'm doing at the moment 一方面我喜欢薪水高的工作， 但 另一方面我还喜欢我目前的工作。 Section C Passage C I. Reading Comprehension 1. Complete the sentences in the fewest possible words based on what you have learned from the text. 1) my Internet connection ceased to be/ my cable-modem box didn’t work 2) extremely bored / like some sort of separation 3) any virtual shop 4) badly disturb and slow down 5) mobile phones and email 6) respect their opinions 7) is simple and fast 16

8) we rely on the Internet II. Test Zone 1. There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. 1) A 2) C 3) B 4) D 5) B 6) C 7) D 8) A 9) C 10) B 11) D 12) C 13) A 14) C 15)B 16) C 17)A 18) D 19)B 20)C 2. Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked A, B, C and D. Identify the mistaken one and correct it. 1) C lent 2) D can you eat 3) C being told 4) B by 5) D be interviewed 6) A takes Section D Writing and Translation I. Try to identify what figure of speech is used in each of the following sentences then complete the following sentences by translate the Chinese in the brackets into English. 1. like two little monkeys Simile 2. cold, closed, and unfriendly Personification 3. as bright as sunlight Simile 4. expects every man to do his duty Personification 5. is dying to know Overstatement 6. should always respect the gray hair Metonymy 7. The kettle is boiling Metonymy 8. flame of love Metaphor III．Translation—More exercises ． — 1. When rust is formed, a chemical change has taken place. 2. Heat and light can be given off by this chemical change. 3. The numerical data concerned are provided in the next chapter. 4. The unpleasant noise must be immediately put an end to. 5. The decision to attack was not made lightly. 6. It’s claimed that public transport should be improved. Proverbs & Sayings a. Strike the iron while it is hot. b. Walls have ears. Unit 6 17

Key to Exercises

Section A Passage A II. Reading Comprehension Based on what you have learned from the text, decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) in the text. 1) F For a long time we have heard people talk about the connection between people’s living conditions and their health. However, until recently there was little hard evidence to support these assumptions. 2) F 3) T 4) F Living in poverty tends to compromise the immediate and long-term health. 5) T 6) F This effect occurs across the entire range of income, social class and living conditions, and the

relationship is clearly more complex than that. 7) T 8) F Their bodies are more vulnerable to disease when people have little control and few options, and have trouble coping with stress as a result, because their immune and hormonal systems will weaken in response to these unfavourable conditions. III. Vocabulary and Structure 1. Select words from what are given and fill in the blanks with their proper forms. (1) effect (2) productive (3) tend (4) outlook (5) Investing (6) preventive (7) Recommended (8) routine (9) waking (10) likely 2. Choose the right word and complete the sentence with its proper form. 1) (1) demonstrated 在上次物理课上，老师用实验装置证明了物理定律。 (2) illustrate 为了论证我的观点，请让我告诉你一个发生在我童年的故事。 (3) illustrated 年幼的学生更容易被插图精美的课本吸引。 (4) demonstrating 成百的人上街示威，反对总统选举的结果。 2) (1) principal 根据设计，新的道路将连接该地区的主要城市。 (2) chief 你知道谁将成为我们公司的财务主管吗？ (3) chief 被印第安人抓到之后，他要求见部落首领。 (4) principal 彼得布朗，圣约翰学院的校长，将在下个月为我们做个讲座。 3) (1) consistent 对喇嘛采取一贯的。 (2) constant 小汤姆感染了病毒，至少需要连续护理八天。 (3) constantly 即使最优秀的毕业生，要想成为一个博学的人也要不断地学习。 (4) consistent 该行动与当前不给公共交通发补贴的是一致的。 IV. Practical Grammar 1. Fill in the following sentences with the proper form of the words given and then check your answers with your partner. 1) encouraged 2) enlighten 3) enhance 4) encloses 5) endanger 6) endanger 7) encased 8) enlarged 9) entitles 10) enable 2. Study the model sentence first, work carefully with your partner and then try to write down the English paraphrases of the words in italics of the following sentences. 1) you are wasting your efforts because you will get no results 你可以告诉她整理房间直到你 18

气得脸发青，但她不会做的。 2) for a very long time 我可以坐在这儿和你讨论很久，但是不会解决任何问题。 3) as long as I live 我会至死记得你的好。 4) forever 我不想一直等着直到你做出决定。 5) you should not delay doing something if you can do it immediately 今日事今日毕。 V. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions in brackets. 1. It is found that tired drivers are more likely to ignore warning signs. 2. Being criticized time and time again, you’ll eventually become immune to it. 3. If this is the case, we need more staff. 4. When it comes to energy security, our policy is not directed against any single country. 5. Our ancestors have to cope with cold, hunger as well as attack from wild animal. 6. You can have control over how you perceive things, that is, how you judge things. Section B Reading Skills Read the following paragraph carefully and then write down the main idea and major details in the blanks below. ( The Last sentence ) Circle the letter in the following list that does not contain major details that develop the main idea in the topic sentence. (d) Read the following paragraph carefully and then write down the main idea and major details in the blanks below. Main idea: hard to travel to work by bus. Major details: have to wait in long lines, someone always tries to push past you to get in first, you are shoved down the aisle. A passenger may shove his elbow in your ribs or step on your toes. Passage B I. Reading Comprehension 1. Reading for Major Details 1) Read the following paragraph carefully and then write down the main idea and major details the paragraph contains. Main idea: focused on cost. Major details: companies take initiatives to make their employees healthier, give them incentives and mechanisms to improve their wellness and to prevent disease 2) Read the following paragraph carefully and discuss with your partner the major details it contains. Major details: health care reform discussions, sustained experimentation, a shift in incentive structures, employees see concrete benefits.

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2. Understand the passage. Write your answers and then discuss them with your partner. 1) how to solve health care system problems regarding costs / employer health care costs 2) prevention and wellness, wellness programs 3) provide some best practices for the whole country as models in reasonably saving the health care dollars 4) be an ongoing process / last for months II. Vocabulary and Structure 1. Fill in the gaps in the following sentences with the words or phrases chosen from the box. Change the form where necessary. 1) identify 2) chronic 3) been remarked 4) extraordinary 5) implementing 6) emergency 7) lift up 8) held flat 2. Translate the parts given in Chinese into English to complete the sentences. Some of the expressions you need have already been suggested. 1) Make sure that your hair is bone dry 在你去寒冷的室外之前，要确保你的头发干透了。 2) with respect to income and status 这两个研究小组在收入和地位方面都相似。 3) He put an emphasis on 他强调了吸引实体企业来城里的重要性。 4) take the initiative to repair your relations 主动修复你们的关系，关键在你。 5) in agreement with previous reports dealing with the same problem 数据与之前处理同样问题 的报告相符。 Section C Passage C I. Reading Comprehension 1. Complete the sentences in the fewest possible words based on what you have learned from the text. 1) deep down 2) looking through a newspaper 3) gathered a lot of money 4) usual mining equipment 5) stake their claim 6) broke even 7) come to an end 8) a pity II. Test Zone 1. There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. 1) C 2) A 3) A 4) B 5) D 6) B 7) D 8) A 9) A 10) C 11) A 12) D 13) B 14) D 15) A 16) C 17) C 18) A 19) D 20) C 2. Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked A, B, C and D. Identify the mistaken one and correct it. 1) B be exposed 2) D to disease 3) C in 4) C seeing 5) C over 6) C in response to Section D Writing & Translation Writing—Supporting an argument 20

I. Use your own words to complete each sentence, which supports an argument. Some of the words and expressions you may use have been suggested to you. 1. new standards of care 2. she is forced to resort to statements which are entirely without foundation 3. the health care reform 4. the situation is so serious that there can be no room for escape 5. someone with cancer has personal control over the disease 6. Military action 7. are waiting to be made through the elimination of “waste” 8. our research all moves in the right direction 9. a worthwhile investment 10. she may have known her killers Translation—分与合 分与合 III. Translation — More exercises 1. Translate the following into English 1) As he stood there, he saw two men enter the bank. 2) The unexpected return of his wife gave him a big surprise. 3) Despite their differences, their love will conquer. 4) Built in 1192, the bridge is over 700 years old. 5) There was nothing to be done. We could not segregate the sick, nor could we care for them. 6) Some trains carry trucks and take them to other places. Then the trucks can travel on the roads. Proverbs & Sayings a. Take time by the forelock. b. There are things in life that money can’t buy. Unit 7

Key to the Exercises

The Animal World

Section A Passage A II. Reading Comprehension 1. Based on what you have learned from the text, decide whether the following statements are true (T), false (F) in the text. 1) F They hope further research could lead to an “after-exposure” lotion to protect against HIV and AIDS. 2) T 3) F The chief difference between the chemical and other substances that destroy viruses is that the chemical does not harm the immune cells. 4) T 5) T 21

6) T 7) F The first generation of the products could be applied or taken prior to sex for HIV protection. 8) T III. Vocabulary and Structure 1. Select words form what are given and fill in the blanks with their proper forms. (1) keen (2) enables (3) Extensive (4) focused (5) difference (6) conducted (7) inability (8) have developed (9) neither (10) conclusively 2. Choose the right word and complete the sentence with its proper form. 1) (1) alarm 我不想告诉贝蒂她儿子病了，这会使她惊慌的。 (2) alarmed 企图越狱的囚犯数目的增加使得监狱当局越来越担忧。 (3) alerted 匿名信提醒注意机场可能会发生恐怖袭击。 (4) alert 警惕空中交通管制并告诉他们一个发动机失灵了。 2) (1) investigate 公司要调查这样的一个错误怎么可能会发生。 (2) will be examined 要从听、说、读三个方面来考查你。 (3) are examining 法医目前正在检查残骸以寻找爆炸事件原因的线索。 (4) are investigating 目前正在调查涉及高级行政管理人员的陈述。 3) (1) destruction 很多人都在关注全世界范围内雨林的破坏问题。 (2) damage 医生担心病人从前可能受过严重的大脑损伤。 (3) destruction 不同寻常的大风给英国南部很多地区造成了破坏。 (4) damage 最近所发现的问题给公司声望造成了严重的损害。 IV. Practical Grammar 1. Fill in the following sentences with the proper form of the words given and then check your answers with your partner. （本题选项中缺少 telecommunications,而多了 transfigure ） 1) translating 2) telegraph 3) transplanted 4) transfer 5) transformation 6) transatlantic 7) television 8) telecommunications 9) teletypewriter 10) transmitted 2．Study the model sentence first and then complete the following sentences by translating ． into English the Chinese given in brackets. 1) If I were a millionaire 如果我要是个百万富翁，我就会买一辆跑车。 2) he could drive us there 如果他有车，他会用车把我们送去。 3) If you were to give the money to me 如果你要是把钱给我，我就不再提这事了。 4) If I had known (yesterday) 如果我要是昨天就知道了，我就已经采取措施了。 5) I definitely would have said hello 要是我见到了你，我一定会与你打招呼的。 V. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions in brackets. 1. The English novel was old and soon fell apart. 2. The case has been under investigation for three month, but the progress is far from satisfactory. 3. We spent the whole day waiting around for something exciting to happen, but nothing did. 4. It will still take some time to test whether the medicine can be safely applied to human body. 5. Your computer won’t be arriving till Thursday. In the meantime, you can use mine. 6. We have made all the preparation for the party prior to the arrival of the guests. Section B Reading Skills 22

Read the following paragraph and underline the stated main idea. Write down in your own words what you are able to conclude from the information. You should have

underlined the first sentence in the paragraph ― this is the stated main idea. What can be concluded from the information is: If you do not follow the rules, you will automatically fail the test. This concluding information is found in the last sentence. Unscramble the following groups of sentences by first choosing one as the topic sentence. Write its number on Line A. Write the remaining sentence numbers in correct order on the remaining lines. And finally discuss with your partner the main idea each topic sentence contains. 1. A. 5 B. 2 C. 4 D. 1 E. 3 2. A. 2 B. 4 C. 1 D. 5 E. 3 3. A. 3 B. 5 C. 2 D. 1 E. 4 Passage B I. Reading Comprehension 1. Write the main idea of each paragraph on the lines that follow the paragraph. 1) English is full of words that have gradually changed their meanings. 2) The reason there are so many churches on Mykonos results from a tradition the people have developed. 3) the best way to protect dragonflies 2. Understand the passage. Write down your answers and then discuss them with your partner. 1) dragonflies are difficult to catch 2) fly long distance 3) no one has ever observed them flying north in the springtime; they ride the wind 4) crayfish burrows 5) protect their habitats II. Vocabulary and Structure 1. Fill in the gaps in the following sentences with the words or phrases chosen from the box. Change the form where necessary. 1) dates back 2) threatened 3) been confirmed 4) will/shall let…go 5) interaction 6) failure 7) complicated 8) messing with 2. Translate the parts given in Chinese into English to complete the sentences. Some of the expressions you need have already been suggested. 1) half of them never showed up 我们预计会来三十人，但有一半人没有出席。 2) prevent the rare animal from dying out 科学家正在想办法来阻止这一珍稀动物灭绝。 3) the web was only attached to the leaf by one thread 他吃惊地发现蜘蛛网只有一根细丝吊在 叶子上。 4) His main source of income has dried up 他的主要收入来源已经枯竭，这使他缺钱花。 5) to place the containers in a row on a long table 女主人吩咐仆人在长桌上把这些容器摆成 一排。 Section C Passage C I. Reading Comprehension 23 1. Complete the sentences in the fewest possible words based on what you have learned from the text. 1) a companion 2) chasing her 3) too tired and cold 4) the color of the stitches 5) keep her 6) like her 7) lacked confidence 8) selects and admires II. Test Zone 1. There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. 1) B) 2) C) 3) D) 4) A) 5) C) 6) B 7) B) 8) C) 9) D) 10) D) 11) A) 12) A) 13) C) 14) B) 15) C) 16) A) 17) B) 18) C) 19) B) 20) A) 2. Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked A, B, C and D. Identify the mistaken one and correct it. 1) D since 1850s 2) B how this transformation has taken place 3) B benefit from 4) A what officers always do 5) D afford 6) A surprising Section D Writing & Translation WritingStages in the argument I. Use your own words to complete each sentence, which shows the stage in the argument. Some of the words and expressions you may use have been suggested to you. 1. secondly, thirdly 2. Let us now turn to/Let us now look at 3. lastly 4. In addition to being the murder capital of the world 5. but also of different backgrounds 6. what is more/besides/moreover/furthermore 7. conclude our discussion 8. the problem that

MI5 is not accountable to parliament 9. most of the research reported on here was done with relatively young, well-educated, predominantly white men 10. we return to a more fundamental point Translation—英语中省略与补充的翻译 英语中省略与补充的翻译 III. Translation—More exercises 1. Translate the following into English. 1. This beeper works well, but that one doesn’t (work well). 2. The letter is to be left here until (it is) called for. 3. Henry looked around as if (he was) in search of something. 4. She studies very hard though (she is) still rather weak. 5. You may go online if you like (to go online). 6. When (water is) pure, water is a colorless liquid. Proverbs & Sayings 24

a. Time and tide wait for no man. b. Practice makes perfect. 25