The Difference between Man and Computer
What makes people different from computer programs? What is the missing element that our theories don’t yetaccount for? The answer is simple: People read newspaper stories for a reason: to learn more about whatthey are interested in. Computers, on the other hand， don't. In fact，computers don't even have interests; there is nothing in particular that they are trying to find out when they read. If a computer programis to be a model of story understanding ，it should also read for a \"purpose\".
Of course ，people have several goals that do not make senseto attribute to computers. One might read a restaurant guide inorder to satisfy hunger or entertainment goals, or to finda good place to go for a business lunch. Computers do not get hungry, and computers do not have business lunches.
However ，these physiological and social goals give riseto several intellectual or cognitive goals. A goal to satisfy hunger gives rise to goals to find information about the name of a restaurant which serves_ the desired type of food ，how expensive the restaurant is，the location of the restaurant, etc. These are goals toacquire information or knowledge, what we are calling learning goals. These goals can be held by computers too; a computer _ might \"want\" to find out the location of a restaurant ，and read a guide in order to do so in the same way as a person might. While such a goal would not ariseout of hunger in the case of the computer，it might well arise out of the \"goal\" to learn more about restaurants.
Working Mothers
Carefully conducted researches that have followed the children of working mothers have not been able to show any long-term problems，compared with children whose mothers stayed at home. My personal viewis that mothers should be allowed to work if they wish. Whether we like it or not ，there are a number of mothers who just have to work.. There are those who have invested such a big part of their lives in establishing a career that they cannot affordsee it lost. Then there are many who must work out of pure economicnecessity. Many mothers are notcutout to be full-time parents. After a few months at home with a much loved infant ，they feel trapped and isolated.
There are a number of options when it comes to choosing childcare. These range from child minders and nannies through to Granny or the kind lady across the street. In reality, however ，many parents don't have any choice; they have to accept anything they can get. Be prepared! No matter how good the childcare may be ，some children are going to protest wildly if they are left. This is a perfectly normal stage of child development. Babies separate well in the first six months，but soon after that they start to get a crush on Mum and close family members . Make sure that in the first week you allowplenty of time to help your child settle in.
All children are different. Some are independent ，while others are more attached to their mothers. Remember that if you want to do the best for your children ，it's not the quantity of time you spend with them，it's the quality that matters. The First Bicycle
The history of the bicycle goes back more than 200 years. In 1791，Count de Sivracdelightedonlookers in a park in Paris as he showed off his two-wheeled invention ，a machine called the celeriferé. It was basically an enlargedversion of a children’s toy which had been in _ use_ for many years. Sivrac's \"celeriferé had a wooden frame，made in the _shapeof a horse ，which was mounted on a wheel at either end. To ride it ，you sat on a small seat ，just like a modem bicycle ，and pushed hard against the ground_with your legs—there were no pedals. It was impossible to steer a celeriferé and it had no brakes，but despite these problems the invention very much appealedto the fashionable young men of Paris. Soon they were holding races up and down the streets.
Minor injurieswere common as riders attempted a final burst of speed_ . Controlling the machine was difficult ，as the only way to change direction was to pull up the front of the \"celeriferé\" and _turnit round while the front wheel was spinning in the air. \"Celeriferés\" were not popular for long ，however ，as the combinationof no springs ，no steering and rough roads made riding them very uncomfortable. Even so，the wooden celeriferé was the originof the modem bicycle.
1
