2023年上海中考英语热点重难点专练重难点05 非谓语动词(解析版)

（建议用时：30分钟）

根据对非谓语动词部分上海各区模拟及市中考试题的分析可知，今

后该部分仍将是重点考查点之一，其考查重点为： 1. it作形式主语、宾语的用法

2. 感官动词后不定式作宾语补足语和动词ing形式作宾语补足语的用法: 3. 动词不定式与疑问代词和疑问副词的连用

4. 一些特殊动词的动词不定式作宾语补足语时不带口，但变为被动语态时就要带to: 5. 有些动词既可接不定式也可接动词ing形式作宽语，但表达的意思不同。

非谓语动词的用法

非谓语动词分类

不定式（to do sth）；动名词（v-ing）；现在分词（doing）；过去分词（done）； 初中阶段需要掌握的主要是动名词和不定式的固定搭配，及使动用法的词现在分词和

过去分词的用法差别。

非谓语动词用法：

动词不定式（to do）的用法： 1. 作主语：

To learn English well is important. To eat vegetables can help us keep healthy. △ 动词不定式作主语时，可以用动名词替换。 Learning English is important.

Eating vegetables can help us keep healthy.△ 动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主

语，而把不定式放在后面。

It’s important to learn English.

It can help us keep healthy to eat vegetables. 2. 作表语：

My job is to teach English./His hobby is to collect stamps.

3. 作宾语：

(1).动词不定式常用作及物动词的宾语，这些动词有：

want=would like(想要), learn, teach,make up one’s mind=decide=determine(决定做),hope, wish,agree, afford(负担得起),try (do) one’s best(尽力),take actions(采取行动),plan, expect, manage（设法）, fail, offer(主动提出), promise, refuse（拒绝）, pretend(假装),prepare,

fear,demand/need(要求，需要),arrange(安排),have ability(有能力)。 He wants to go home at once. I began to play the piano when I was four. 4. 作宾语补足语：

(1).动词不定式还可用作双宾的形式，这些动词有

want=would like(想要),task / tell / teach/warn(警告) / wish / need=require=request(需要，要求)/expect /wish/ order =instruct=comand(命令，指示)/ encourage / allow =permit(允许)/ invite / enable / force /advise(建议)/beg(求)/bear(忍受)/drive(驱使)/cause(致使，引起)/persuade(说服) sb. (not)to do sth. Lucy asked him to turn down the radio. Mother told me not to come home late. I’d like you to meet my family.

批注：advise sb. to do sth./suggest (that) sb.(should) do sth.(虚拟语气)

△使役动词make, let, have后的宾语补足语，其不定式的to要省略。而help 后的不

定式可以带to，也可以不带to。但是改成被动语态时，要加“to”: make/let/have sb. do sth. /help sb.(to) do sth. Could you please help me (to) do some housework? I hear him sing every night. (变成被动语态)

→He is heard to sing by me every night.(变成被动语态) We saw her play the piano last night.

→She was seen to play the piano by us last night.

It made me feel sad.(变成被动语态) →I was made to feel sad by it.

注意：感官动词see, hear, watch, notice等动词的用法：

see

Sb. hear sb. / sth. doing sth. watch do notice 5.作定语：

(1)这种不定式与它所修饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。 I have much work to do. Do you have anything to say? Would you like something. to eat? It’s a good place to have fun.

如果这个不定式是不及物动词，它后面就要有必要的介词。

There is nothing to worry_________. / He has no room to live _________. The dog is easy to take care ________. / I’d like some paper to write __________. (2)说明所修辞名词的内容： We had a plan to finish the work. (3)被修辞名词是不定式逻辑主语： He is the first to get there. 6. 作状语：

I came here to see you. （目的） I’m sorry to hear that. （原因）

Tom is too young to go to school. （结果）

To get to work, he takes No.7 bus every day. （目的） 7. “疑问词+不定式”结构：

疑问词who, what, when, where, how, which等后接不定式，构成不定式短语，在句中

作主语，宾语，表语等。

Where to live is a problem. （主语） Do you know when to start? （宾语）

The problem is how to use the machine. （表语）

I don’t know to do it. （宾语） A.what B. how

8.固定短语.

can’t wait to do sth迫不及待做某事

get/have a chance to do sth.得到一个做某事的机会 It’s+ adj.+(for sb) to do sth.做某事（对某人来说）怎么样 It’s+adj.+(of sb.) to do sth.

It takes sb. Some time/money to do sth.花费某人多长时间做某事（常考） It’s best for sb. to do sth对某人来说做某事是最好的 It’s time for sb to do sth.是某人做某事的时候了

too…(for sb.)to ......太.....以致不能.....=not…enough to do=so...that....(否定)

一、单项选择

1．The police insisted on ________ the scene of the crime to look for more clues to the murder.

A．check 【答案】B 【详解】

B．checking C．checked D．to check

句意：坚持要检查犯罪现场，以寻找谋杀案的更多线索。

考查动名词的用法。insist on doing sth. “坚持做某事”，动名词作宾语。故选B。 2．—Have you ever read Learn English Tell China’s Stories?

—Yes, our teacher advised us ________ more meaningful traditional stories. A．reads 【答案】D 【详解】

句意：——-你读过《学英语讲中国故事》吗？——是的，我们的老师建议我们读更有意义的传统故事。 考查非谓语动词。固定短语advise sb. to do sth.“建议某人做某事”，故选D。 3．Anita had a ________ look on her face. There must be something ________ her. A．worrying; worried C．worried; worried 【答案】D 【详解】

句意：阿妮塔脸上有焦虑的表情，一定有让她发愁的事。

考查形容词和现在分词。worrying使人担忧的，现在分词，让人担忧；worried感到焦虑的, 发愁的。根据“look on her face”可知表达脸上有焦虑的表情，第一空用形容词“worried”作定语。根据“something”可知表达让她发愁的事情，用现在分词“worrying”作后置定语。故选D。

4．Amy turned off her desktop after she finished ________ the report on the school project. A．write 【答案】C 【详解】

句意：艾米写完学校项目的报告之后关掉了电脑桌面。考查非谓语动词。表达“完成做某事”用动词短语“finish doing”，表达“写”用动名词“writing”作宾语。故选C。 5．She has devoted herself to ________ the children in need. A．helping 【答案】A 【详解】

B．to help

C．help

D．helped

B．to write

C．writing

D．wrote

B．worrying; worrying D．worried; worrying

B．read

C．reading

D．to read

句意：她一直致力于帮助那些需要帮助的孩子。

考查非谓语动词。根据“She has devoted herself to...the children in need.”可知，此处是devote...to短语，to是介词，其后加动名词作宾语，故选A。 6．—Do you have strict family rules?

—Yes, My mom only allows me ________ computer games once a week. A．to play 【答案】A 【详解】

句意：——你家有严格的家庭规则吗？——是的，我的妈妈只允许我一周玩一次电脑游戏。

考查非谓语动词。此处考查短语“allow sb. to do sth.”意为“允许某人做某事”，空处用不定式作宾补，故选A。

7．Mario used to ________ in the morning. A．practice swimming C．practice swim 【答案】A 【详解】

句意：马里奥过去常常在早上练习游泳。

考查used to do和非谓语动词。used to do sth.“过去常常做某事”，固定用法，故排除B项；。practice doing sth.“练习做某事”，也是固定用法，swim的动名词形式为swimming，故排除C、D项。故选A。 8．—Mom, I regretted ________ the book A Christmas Carol in that bookstore. —Never mind, we can go there again. A．buying 【答案】D 【详解】

句意：——妈妈，我后悔没在那家书店买下《圣诞颂歌》这本书。——不要紧。我们可以再去那里。考查非谓语动词。regret (not) doing sth.表示“后悔（没）做某事”，固定短语；根据答语“Never mind, we can go there again.”可知应该是没买那本书，用动名词的否定式。故选D。

9．—How do you like Zhang Jing’s translation at the meeting between China and the U.S? —Wonderful! It is worth ________. A．to listen 【答案】B

B．listening to

C．to listen to

D．listening

B．not to buy

C．buy

D．not buying

B．practicing swimming D．practice to swim

B．playing

C．play

D．to playing

【详解】

句意：——你觉得张静在中美会议上的翻译怎么样？——太棒了！它值得一听。

考查动词短语和非谓语动词。listen“听”，不及物动词，和to连用可接宾语；分析句子可知，it是动词listen的逻辑宾语，介词to不可省略；be worth doing表示“值得做某事”，用动名词作宾语，是固定结构，故选B。

10．We decided not ________ hiking because it was snowing ________. A．to go; hardly 【答案】C 【详解】

句意：因为下着大雪，我们决定不去远足了。

考查非谓语动词及副词辨析。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，第一空用to go。hardly几乎不；heavily在很大程度上，大量地。根据“it was snowing ...”可知此处表示雪下得大，第二空用heavily。故选C。 11．—I like playing computer games in my spare time. What about you? —Me? I prefer ________ TV rather than ________ computer games. A．to watch; play 【答案】A 【详解】

句意：——我喜欢在业余时间玩电脑游戏。你呢？——我？我宁愿看电视也不愿玩电脑游戏。 考查非谓语动词。prefer to do A rather than do B表示“宁愿做A而不愿做B”，是固定结构。故选A。 12．The Chinese government warns people ________ to other countries if there is no real need. A．don’t travel 【答案】C 【详解】

句意：中国警告人们，如果没有实际需要，不要去其他国家旅行。

考查动词不定式的用法。“warn sb not to do sth”表示“警告某人不要做某事”，使用动词不定式作宾语补足语，故选C。

13．—Mrs. Smith, I have some _________ sleeping. Would you mind _________ the music a bit, please? —OK, of course not. A．troubles, turning up C．problem, to turn down 【答案】B

B．trouble, turning down D．problems, turning off

B．not travelling

C．not to travel

D．not travel

B．watching; play

C．to watch; playing

D．watching; playing

B．go; hardly

C．to go; heavily

D．go; heavily

【详解】

句意：——史密斯太太，我入睡有点困难。你介意把音乐声关小一点吗？ ——好的，当然不介意。 考查固定搭配。have trouble/problems/difficulties (in) doing sth，意为“做某事有困难”，其中trouble为不可数名词，第一个空格前为some，后跟可数名词复数或不可数名词，故A、C选项可排除。turn up调大；turn down调小；turn off关闭。根据句中“a bit”提示，第二个空是指将音乐声调小，而不是关掉音乐，且Would you mind doing sth?为固定搭配，意为“做这事你介意吗？”，故第二个空应填入turning down，故选B。

14．She is such a careless girl that she has her wallet ________. A．to steal 【答案】B 【详解】

句意：她是个粗心大意的女孩，钱包都被偷了。

考查非谓语动词。根据“She is such a careless girl that she has her wallet...”可知，her wallet是动作的承受者，用have sth done结构表被动，故选B。

15．________ the forests, we shouldn’t cut down lots of trees any more. A．Protect 【答案】B 【详解】

句意：为了保护森林，我们不应该再大量砍伐树木。

考查非谓语动词。分析成分可知，“shouldn’t cut down”已作句子的谓语，而此句没有连词，所以空格处应作非谓语；根据语境可知，不再大量砍伐树木是为了保护森林，由此可知空格处应用动词不定式“To protect”作目的状语。故选B。 16．—Mom, can I offer some help? —Sure! That room really needs ________.

A．to clean B．cleaning C．clean D．cleaned【答案】B 【详解】

句意：——妈妈，我能帮忙吗？——当然！那个房间真的需要打扫了。

考查非谓语动词。根据“ That room really needs...”可知房间需要被打扫，固定短语need doing sth.“某事需要被做”，表示的是被动的含义，故选B。

17．Would you mind ________ football here? There are ________ cars here. It’s dangerous. A．not playing; too many

B．playing; too many C．not play; too much D．not to

B．To protect

C．Protected

D．Protects

B．stolen

C．stealing

D．stole

play; too much 【答案】A 【详解】

句意：请你不要在这里踢足球好吗？这里的车太多了。这是危险的。

考查非谓语动词及短语辨析。mind doing sth.“介意做某事”，根据“It’s dangerous.”可知，提醒不要在这里踢球，用动名词的否定式not doing。too many“太多”，后接可数名词复数；too much“太多”，后接不可数名词。结合“cars”可知第二空用too many。故选A。

18．He left home this morning ________ photos for the competition. A．takes 【答案】C 【详解】

句意：他今天早上离开家去为比赛拍照。

考查非谓语动词。根据“He left home this morning … photos for the competition”可知，离开家的目的是为了去拍照，用动词不定式表目的，故选C。

19．You’d better tell the woman ________ her bike over there. This is the entrance. A．leave 【答案】D 【详解】

句意：你最好告诉那位女士，让她把自行车停在那边。这是入口。

考查非谓语动词。tell sb to do sth“告诉某人去做某事”，动词不定式作宾补，故选D。 20．Dr. Ma’s speech is ________ worth ________. We can learn a lot from it. A．very; to listen to 【答案】D

【详解】句意：马博士的演讲很值得一听。我们可以从中学到很多。

考查副词以及非谓语动词。be well worth doing sth“很值得做……”，listen to无被动语态，故选D。 21．—You don’t know what great difficulty I had getting the two tickets. —But the match is really worth ________. A．watch 【答案】B 【详解】

句意：——你不知道我弄到这两张票有多困难。——但这场比赛确实值得一看。

B．watching

C．being watched

D．to be watched

B．very; listening to

C．well; being listened to

D．well; listening to

B．leaves

C．leaving

D．to leave

B．take

C．to take

D．taking

考查非谓语动词。固定短语be worth doing sth.“值得做某事”，此处用主动表示被动含义，故选B。 22．—What should we pay attention to ________ mistakes during the exams? —Some details. A．avoiding making 【答案】C 【详解】

句意：——在考试期间我们应该注意什么以避免犯错误？——一些细节。

考查非谓语动词。“注意”的目的是为了避免犯错误，用动词不定式表目的；avoid doing sth.“避免做某事”，故选C。

23．It’s better to teach a man fishing than ________ him fish. A．to give 【答案】A 【详解】

句意：授人以鱼不如授人以渔。

考查动词词义以及非谓语动词。give给；find找到。根据“him fish”此处指给他鱼，排除C和D选项。此空与前文to teach是并列关系，故此空也应填动词不定式，故选A。 24．—What do you think of the book ________ by Lao She? —I think I have never read a ________ one. A．was written; funny B．written; funnier 【答案】B 【详解】

句意：——你觉得老舍写的那本书怎么样？——我想我从来没有读过这么有趣的书。

考查非谓语动词和比较级辨析。分析句子结构，book是动词write的承受者，需用过去分词作后置定语，前空可排除AC两项；结合“I have never read a…one”和语境，可知是和此前作比较，需用fun的比较级，表达“从没有读过比这更有趣的书”，故选B。 25．—I want to have my bike ________. —Let us get the man over there ________ you. A．repair; to help 【答案】C 【详解】

句意：——我想请人修理我的自行车。 ——让那边那个人来帮你吧。

B．repairing; help

C．repaired; to help

D．to repair; helps

C．was written; funnier D．written; funny

B．giving

C．to find

D．finding

B．avoid to make

C．to avoid making

D．to avoid to make

考查非谓语动词。bike与动词repair之间是被动关系，用have sth done表示“让某物被做”，故第一空填repaired，排除ABD选项，故选C。