外研版高一英语必修一Unit4知识点大全

Unit4 Period Ⅰ

核心词汇

How do you prefer to make friends? 你更喜欢怎么交朋友? 教材P38 ➊prefer v.更喜欢 常用搭配

①prefer+名词/动名词/不定式

I prefer apples.=I prefer having apples.=I prefer to have apples. 我更喜欢吃苹果。

②prefer sb (not) to do sth宁愿某人(不)做某事

My daddy prefers me not to swim in that river because it's too dangerous. 我爸爸宁愿我不要去那条河里游泳，因为那里太危险了。

③prefer sth to sth/prefer doing sth to doing sth与(做)某事(后者)相比更喜欢(做)某事(前者) I prefer green tea to coffee.

与咖啡相比，我更喜欢绿茶。 I prefer cooking myself to eating out. 我宁愿自己做饭也不愿出去吃。

④prefer to do sth rather than do sth = would rather do sth than do sth宁愿做某事(前者)而不愿做某事(后者)

I prefer to stay at home rather than go out in the heavy rain. 我宁愿待在家里也不想冒大雨出去。 ⑤would prefer to do sth更愿意做某事

I'd prefer to go there on foot, for there's so much traffic.

因为车太多了,我更愿意步行去那儿。 联想词

preference n.偏爱

Thanks to advances in technology, how we make friends and communicate with them has changed significantly.多亏科技的进步，我们交朋友以及和朋友联系的方式已经发生了巨大的变化。 教材P38 ❷advance

➊n.[C]进步；进展

We live in an age of rapid technological advances. 我们生活在科技迅猛发展的时代。 常用搭配

in advance (=ahead of time)提前；预先 in advance of... 在......前；比......先进

make an advance in ( doing) sth 在某方面取得进步

He wanted to book a ticket for the football match in advance, but missed the chance. 他想提前订一张足球赛的票,但错过了机会。

People were evacuated from the coastal regions in advance of the hurricane. 在飓风来袭之前，人们已经从沿海地带撤离。

In the near future，scientists will make an advance in robot technology. 在不久的将来,科学家将在机器人技术方面取得进步。 ❷v. (知识、技术等)发展，进步；促进；推动

This research has done much to advance our understanding of language learning. 这项研究大大提高了我们对语言学习的认识。

Studying for new qualifications is one way of advancing your career. 为提高学历而进修是促进事业发展的一个办法。 ❸adj.预先的；事先的

Please give us advance warning of any changes. 如有变动，请事先通知我们。 联想词

advanced adj. (课程)高级的；先进的 Their equipment isn't as advanced as ours.

他们的设备不如我们的先进。

The digital age also enables us to find people who share our interests, such as collecting model cars or playing an unusual instrument.数字时代也使我们能够找到志趣相投的人，如收集汽车模型或演奏一种独特的乐器。 教材P39

❸enable v.使能够；使可能；使发生；使有机会

The software enables you to access the Internet in seconds. 这种软件使你在几秒钟内便可访问互联网。 常用搭配

enable sb to do sth使某人有能力做某事

A new programme can enable the elderly to study at college. 一个新的计划能使老年人在大学学习。 联想词

①able adj.能力出众的

be able to do sth有能力做某事;可以去做某事

I wish I had been able to talk about it with him when he was here last night. 我真希望昨晚他在的时候我能和他谈谈这件事。 ②ability n.能力；才能

Unless you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and say motivated after one or two nights.

如果你睡不好的话，一到两个晚上之后,你将失去专注、计划和保持动力的能力［2018江苏］ ③unable adj.不能......的 He lay there, unable to move. 他躺在那里动弹不得。 ④disabled adj.有残疾的 He was born disabled.

他天生残疾。

On social media sites, people tend to post only positive updates that make them appear happy and friendly. 在社交媒体网站上，人们往往只发布一些积极的状态,让自己显得快乐且友好。 教材P39

❹tend vi.易于做某事；往往会发生某事；趋向vt. & vi.照料；照管 常用搭配

tend to do sth往往会发生某事;易于做某事 tend towards... 有......的趋势；倾向于...... tend (to) sb/sth 照料/照管某人/某事

People tend to get together with their family in the week-long holiday.

人们往往会在这个为期一周的假期和家人相聚。［China Daily］ In my eyes, his views on many problems tend towards the extreme. 依我看来,他在许多问题上的看法趋于偏激。 Sofia was in the bedroom tending to her son. 索菲娅在卧室里照料她的儿子。 联想词

tendency n.倾向；偏好；趋势

Moreover, the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults...

此外，大学监督和塑造学生行为的趋势与年轻人的另一个特点背道而......［2016北京］ 句子控

Whatever our hobbies, the Internet can connect us with others who also enjoy doing them, even if they live on the other side of the world. 教材P39 状语从句：(Whatever引导的让步状语从句的省略) 主语：the Internet 谓语：can connect

定语从句：who also enjoy doing them (who引导定语从句)

状语从句：even if they live on the other side of the world (even if引导让步状语从句)

[句意]无论我们的爱好是什么，互联网可以把我们和其他喜欢做这些事情的人联系起来，即使他们生活在世界的另一边。

知识拓展“疑问词+ -ever”引导让步状语从句 whichever (无论哪个/无论哪些)，whatever (不管什么)，wherever (在任何地方)，however ( 不管怎样)，whoever/ whomever (无论谁)，whenever (无论何时)等都可引导让步状语从句。 Wherever you go, whatever you do, I will be right here waiting for you.

无论你身在何处，无论你为何忙碌,我都会在此守候。

Whoever of you loves life and desires to see many good days, keep your tongue from evil and your lips from speaking lies.

任何热爱生活、渴盼好日子的人，都要让舌上不出恶言，嘴里不说谎话。

Whenever you find yourself on the side of the majority, it is time to pause and reflect. 每当你发现自己属于大多数一边的时候,就该停下来反思一下。[马克.吐温] However you praise the film, I just feel it so-so.

不管你怎么赞美那部影片，我就是觉得它一般。 特别注意

“疑问词+ -ever\"既可以引导让步状语从句，又可以引导名词性从句。引导名词性从句的whoever 相当于anyone who，anybody who；whatever 相当于anything that。在这种情况下，whoever，whatever 相当于定语从句中的“先行词+关系代词”。 I would like to see whoever ( = anyone who) is not busy now. 谁现在不忙，我就要见谁。

We'll try to give them whatever ( = anything that) they want. 我们会尽力给他们想要的任何东西。

But we need to keep in mind that what we see on social media is often not the whole truth about a person. 教材P39 主语：we 谓语：need

主语从句：(what引导主语从句)

宾语从句：that what we see on social media is often not the whole truth about a person (that引导宾语从句) 系动词：is

表语： the whole truth about a person

[句意]但我们需要记住,我们在社交媒体上看到的往往不能完全真实地反映一个人。 知识拓展 主语从句

主语从句是指在复合句中充当主语成分的从句。主语从句和作主语的名词或代词一样,通常置于谓语动词之前。what 引导主语从句时，可在从句中充当主语、表语和宾语等。when, where, why, how, who,whom, whose, that, which, whether, whoever, whenever, wherever 等词也可引导主语从句。

What he said inspired me a lot. 他说的话让我受到了很大鼓舞。 Why he did that is still not clear.

还不清楚他为什么那么做。

Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet. 还没有决定谁来当我们的班长。

That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all. 他在如此短的时间内写完作文使我们所有人都很惊讶。 Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.

尚不清楚我们明天是否会去郊游。 特别注意

为了防止句子头重脚轻，通常把形式主语it放在句首，真正的主语置于句末。主语从句常用it 作形式主语，一般常用句型为；It+be+名词(词组)/形容词/过去分词+从句。 It is not decided who will be sent to go abroad.

派谁出国还没决定。

Although technology has changed the way we acquire friends, the meaning of friendship and our longing for friends remain the same. 教材P39 主语：technology 谓语：has changed 宾语： the way

定语从句：we acquire friends

状语从句：Although technology has changed the way we acquire friends (Although引导让步状语从句)

主语：the meaning of friendship and our longing for friends

主句： the meaning of friendship and our longing for friends remain the same 系动词：remain 表语：the same

[句意]虽然科技已经改变了我们交友的方式，但是友谊的意义以及我们对朋友的渴求没有变。 知识拓展1 although 引导让步状语从句 although引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然”，语气比though和while重,有时可与though/while 互换，不能和but连用，但是可以和yet, sill, nevertheless 连用。while 引导让步状语从句时，一般位于句首 。

Although/Though these measures are not effective forever, they are vital now. 虽然这些措施不会永远奏效，但它们现在至关重要。

While you can't turn back the cock, you can take control of your life.

虽然你不能使时钟倒转,但你可以掌控自己的生活。 特别注意

although不可作副词，though可以作副词单独置于句末，用逗号与前句隔开， 意为“然而；可是；不过”。

I have a bit of headache. It's nothing much, though.

我有一点儿头痛，不过并不厉害。

知识拓展2 way为先行词时定语从句的用法

way作\"方式；方法\"讲，后接定语从句时有两种情况:

①way后的定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时，要用关系代词that或which,作宾语时可省略。 The way (which/that) he explained to us was quite simple.

他向我们解释的那种方法很简单。

②way后的定语从句中缺少状语时(定语从句还原后是in the way),关系词用in which, that或省略。

I don't like the way (that/in which) he speaks to his parents. 我不喜欢他和他父母说话的方式。

Period Ⅱ 核心词汇

one pack of similar interests 一包相似的兴趣 教材P42 ➊pack

➊n.小包；小盒；(商品的)纸包；一捆；一包；一伙(尤含贬义)；一群(动物或猎狗) 常用搭配

a pack of一包；一盒；一群

We were first greeted with the barking by a pack of dogs, seven to be exact.

我们最先听到了一群狗的叫声--准确来说是7只狗的叫声。 [2019课标全国➊] ❷vt. & vi.收拾(行李) ；打包；塞满；挤满 She packed her bags and left. 她收拾好行李就动身了。 常用搭配

pack sth into... = pack... with sth把某物装入...... pack up打点行李；收拾行李 be packed with... 挤满......

I suggest that you shouldn't pack this course into your already busy schedule. 我建议你不要把这门课排进你本已经很满的日程表里。 I always depend on my wife to pack up before I start. 我出发之前一直指望我妻子收拾行李。 one glass of comfort 一杯安慰 教材P42 ❷comfort

➊n. [U]安慰；慰藉；舒适[C]令人感到安慰的人或事物 We shouldn't seek after comfort, personal fame or gain. 我们不应该贪图安逸，追名逐利。

Louisa's been a great comfort to me since Mary died. 自从玛丽去世后，路易莎对我是莫大的安慰。［《朗文当代》］ 常用搭配

comfort zone 舒适区 in comfort舒适地

to one's comfort令某人安慰的是

They are collected from the airport upon arrival and brought to their accommodation in comfort. 他们一到机场就有人接他们，并把他们带到舒适的住处。[2016天津] ❷vt.安慰

He began to comfort me with such unaccustomed gentleness.

他开始以那种少有的温柔安慰我。 联想词

①comfortable adj. 舒服的；安逸的；自在的 I won't be comfortable until I know what happened. 我只有知道发生了什么事之后，才会放下心来。 ②uncomfortable adj. 不舒服的

Visually the chair is very pleasing, but it's uncomfortable. 这把椅子看上去很舒适，但它并不舒服。 ③comfortably adv. 放松地；舒服地

two drops of patience两滴耐心 教材P42 ❸patience n.耐心 常用搭配

with patience耐心地

run out of/lose patience with... 对......失法耐心 have no patience with... 对......没耐心 I waited there with patience. 我在那儿耐心地等着。 联想词

①patient adj.能忍耐的；有耐心的n.病人 be patient with sb/sth对某人某事有耐心

The patient doctor is always treating her patients with great patience. 那位有耐心的医生总是很耐心地对待她的病人。

My brother is lively and energetic, but he is not very patient. 我的哥哥活跃并且精力充沛，但他不是很有耐心。

The patients are taken good care of in the hospital. 病人们在医院里被照顾得很好。 She is patient with her children. 她对她的孩子们很有耐心。 ②impatient adj. 没有耐心的 ③patiently adv. 耐心地

the ability to wait without becoming anxious or angry等待时不焦虑或生气的能力 教材P42 ❹anxious adj.焦虑的;不安的;担心的;渴望的;非常希望....定向练4I 。常用搭配 be anxious about sth/for sb为某事/某人担心 be anxious to do sth渴望做某事 be anxious for sth渴望得到某物

He was anxious for his family，who were travelling abroad. 他担心正在国外旅行的家人。

The government is anxious to reassure everyone that the situation is under control. 非常希望打消所有人的疑虑，称局势已得到控制。 联想词

①anxiously adv.焦虑地；不安地

②anxiety n.焦虑；不安；担心；渴望

We waited with great anxiety for more news about the accident. 我们忧心忡忡地等待着有关这一事故的更多消息。

For example, you can begin with expressions such as Why don't we...? How about...? or use a past tense to distance yourself from the suggestion... 例如，你可以从这些表达开始，如“为什么我们不？”“......怎么样？”或者用过去时来使你自己与这一建议保持距离...... 教材P43 ❺distance

➊v.使与......保持距离，撇清和......的关系 常用搭配

distance yourself (from sth)使自己(与......)保持距离；撇清自己(和......)的关系 When he retired, he tried to distance himself from politics. 退休后，他便尽量使自己置身于政治之外。 ❷n. [C,U]距离；间距[sing. ]遥远；疏远 常用搭配

distance learning 远程学习 at a distance of... 在......的距离 in the distance在远处 at/from a distance从远处

keep... at a distance (= keep one's distance from...)与......保持一定距离；对......冷淡/疏远...... At a distance of six miles you can’t see much. 距离六英里以外的东西很难看清。 We saw lights in the distance. 我们看到了远处的点点灯光。

It was difficult to get to know her because she always kept everyone at a distance. =It was difficult to get to know her because she always kept her distance from others. 很难理解地，因为她总是与人保持一定的距离。 特别注意：

对distance(距离)提同多用what。

What's the distance from New York to London? 从纽约到伦敦有多远? 联想词

distant adj.遥远的；(指人)远亲的；冷谈的 句子控

In fact, good friends can share up to 1% of the same genes-as much as we might share with our great-great-great grandparents! 教材P43 主语：good friends 谓语：can share

宾语：up to 1% of the same genes

状语从句：(as much as we might share with our great-great-great grandparents (as引导比较状语从句)

[句意]事实上，好朋友可以共有多达1%的相同基因--这和我们与我们的祖先所共有的基因一样多。

知识拓展as引导比较状语从句

as引导比较状语从句时，可用于“as... as...”结构，译作“和......一样”，其否定结构为

not as/so...as,译作“和......不一样”；第一个as是副词，第二个as是连词。使用时应注意以下几点:

①在否定句中,第一个as也可换成so。

He doesn't study as/so hard as his brother (does). 他学习不如他弟弟努力。

②在该结构中的两个as之间通常接形容词或副词的原级，但若涉及数量或程度,可用many, much, little, few等修饰。

You've made as many mistakes as I have. 你犯的错误和我犯的一样多。

He hasn't got as much money as I thought.

他不像我想象中的有那么多钱。

This makes it clear to the other person that you are giving them a choice. 教材P43 主语：This 谓语：makes 形式宾语：it

宾语补足语：clear

宾语从句：that you are giving them a choice (that引导宾语从句) [句意]这能向其他人清晰地表明你正在给他们一个选择。 知识拓展it 作形式宾语

(1)当宾语从句后有宾语补足语时，通常用it充当形式宾语，而将真正的宾语从句移至宾语补足语后。

We all thought it a pity that the conference should have been cancelled. 会议竟然被取消了，我们都认为这很遗憾。

He didn't make it clear when and where the meeting would be held.

他没有说清楚何时何地召开会议。

(2)it作形式宾语的特殊用法常出现在以下几种结构中:

①动词+it+when/if从句。常见于appreciate, like, dislike, love, hate,prefer等少数表示情感态度的动词之后。

I would appreciate it if you would offer more information. 如果你能提供更多的信息，我将会很感激。 ②动词+it+that从句。常见于take, have, put 等少数动词之后(it相当于that从句的同位语)。 You can put it that it was arranged before. 你可以说这是事先安排好的。

③动词+it+介词短语+that从句。常见于owe it to sb, take it for granted, bring it to one's attention等结构中。

Some students take it for granted that parents help them.

一些学生认为父母帮助他们是理所当然的。

④动词加介词构成的短语+it+ that从句。常见于depend on, rely on, see to等结构中。 You may depend on it that all the goods will be shipped abroad in time. 你可以相信所有的货物都会及时用船运到国外去。 语法汇

性定语从句及关系代词的用法

性定语从句对其前面所修饰的先行词加以，使其含义清楚、明确，如果去掉则意思含混不清。性定语从句与先行词的关系表现为:先行词+关系词+定语从句其他成分。先行词指被定语从句修饰的词,关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词指代先行词，在

定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。当关系代词在性定语从句中作宾语时，常可省略；而当关系代词作介词的宾语且介词提到关系代词的前面时，关系代词不能省略。 ❶that的用法 that指人或物，指人且在从句中作主语时可与who互换；指人并在从句中作宾语时可与who, whom互换；指物时可与which互换；that在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；that不用于引导非性定语从句。

Campers, in my eyes, were people who/that enjoyed insect bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags.

在我看来，露营者是喜欢被蚊虫叮咬、吃做得不好的饭菜和睡不舒服睡袋的人。［2017课标全国Ⅰ］

(该句中关系词who/that在从句中作主语，不能省略)

John is no longer the person ( that/who/whom) I knew five years ago. 约翰不再是五年前我认识的约翰了。

(该句中关系词that/who/ whom在从句中作宾语，可以省略) 特别注意

定语从句中关系词通常用that不用which的情况:

①当先行词是不定代词all, little, few, much, anything, everything,nothing, none, some等时。 He did everything that he could to help us. 他竭尽所能来帮助我们。

Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent. 现在唯一需要的就是父母,但是他们不在。［2017课标全国Ⅰ］

②当先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, the only, the very, the right, the last, few, just 等限定词修饰时。

The very air that I breathed was filled with sand!

我呼吸的空气都充满了沙子! ③当先行词既有人又有物时。

She described in her diary the people and the places that impressed her most. 她在日记中描述了给她印象最深的人和地方。 ④当先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。

The first thing that came into my mind was his words. 我最先想到的是他

⑤当关系代词在从句中作表语时。

China is no longer the country that it used to be.

中国已不再是过去的中国了。(关系代词that在从句中作used to be的表语) ⑥当主句是以which等疑问代词开头的特殊疑问句时。 Which is the book that belongs to her?

哪本书是她的? ❷which 的用法

which指物，在性定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可以省略；但当which作介词的宾语且介词提到which前时，which不可省略。

list poems have a flexible line length and repeated phrases which/that give both a pattern and rhythm to them.

清单诗诗句长短灵活，并可重复一些短语形成国定白型和韵律。(关系代词在从句中作主语) Among the many dangers (which) sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog. 在水手所要面临的众多危险中，雾很可能是最危险的。(关系代词在从句中作宾语)

特别注意

定语从句中关系词用which不用that的情况: ①关系代词前有介词时。

Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends. 一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。 ②先行词本身就是that时。

What's that which flashed in the sky just now? 刚才在天空中一闪而过的是什么东西? ❸who和whom的用法 二者都用于指人。who在性定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可以省略；whom在性定语从句中作宾语，可以省略。但若关系代词作介词的宾语且介词提到关系代词前时，关系代词只用whom不用who，且不能省略。

The TV organisers had planned to find four musicians who/that could act as well as sing. 电视制作人打算找到四位既能唱歌又能表演的音乐家。(关系代词在从句中作主语) The girl (who/whom/that) he is talking to is a model.

正在与他交谈的女孩是个模特。(关系代词在从句中作宾语) I have two children, one of whom is a girl. 我有两个孩子,其中一个是女孩。 特别注意

指人时只用who的情况:

①先行词是指人的不定代词时，如one, ones, anyone, those等。 One who has nothing to fear dares to tell the truth. 一个无所畏惧的人敢于说实话。

The ones who fatter me don't please me.

那些奉承我的人并不能取悦我。 ②there be句式中，先行词指人时。 There are some girls who are playing games. 有一些女孩在玩游戏。 ❹whose的用法

whose既可以指人也可以指物。在定语从句中作定语，意为“......的”，代替前面先行词的所有格。

I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise. (whose children= the children of whom)

我隔壁住着一对夫妻,他们的孩子经常吵闹。 ❺as的用法

关系代词as既可以引导性定语从句，也可以引导非性定语从句，as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。引导性定语从句时，先行词前常有so, such, the same等词修饰，常译为“正如”，as引导的定语从句可位于句首、句中或句尾。

We should make friends with such people as are willing to help and generous. 我们应该和那些乐于助人、慷慨大方的人交朋友。(as在从句中作主语) We have such grapes as you never saw.

我们有你们从未见过的葡萄。(as在从句中作宾语) He is not the same man as he was.

他和过去不同了。(as在从句中作表语)

Period Ⅲ

核心词汇

We figured that in twenty years each of us ought to have our destiny worked out and our fortunes made, whatever they were going to be. 我们当时认为，二十年后，不管各自的命运如何，发多大的财，一切都该成了定局。 教材P44 ➊fortune n. [C]大笔的钱，巨款；命运[U]运气；机遇 I had the good fortune to be chosen for a trip abroad. 我真幸运，被选中出国旅行。 常用搭配

seek one's fortune寻找成功致富之路；闯世界 make a/one's fortune 发财；赚大钱 tell one's fortune 给某人算命 try one's fortune碰运气

He had decided to leave his village to seek his fortune. 他已决定离开村子去寻找成功致富之路。

This is your chance to get in on a good thing and perhaps make a fortune on a small investment.这是你参与一笔好生意的机会，说不定你会用一笔小投资发财。 联想词

①misfortune n.不幸；灾难 ②fortunate adj.幸运的 ③fortunately adv.幸运地 ④unfortunate adj.不幸的

\"Well, yes, for a time we corresponded,\" said the other.” 哦,不,我们有一段时间通信,” 另一个人说。 教材P45

❷correspond v.通信；相一致；符合 常用搭配

correspond with 与......通信；与......一致；与......相符

She still corresponds with American friends she met in Majorca nine years ago. 她仍与9年前在马略卡岛结识的美国朋友们通信。 Your account of events does not correspond with hers. 你对事情的陈述与地说的不相符。 联想词

correspondence n.通信；通信联系

I came a thousand miles to stand in this door tonight, and it's worth it if my old partner turns up.今天晚上，我千里迢迢来到这里,站在这扇门前，如果我那位老伙伴出现,这一切都是值得的。 教材P45

❽turn up (意外地或终于)出现；到来；调高(热度、音量等) Tiger sharks sill turn up in Hawaiian waters. 虎鲨仍在夏威夷水城出现 联想拓展

含有turn的其他常用搭配

turn down调低；拒绝(建议、要求或邀请) turn in交还，退还；上交，提交

turn off关掉(电灯、煤气、自来水等)；使(某人)失去兴趣 turn on打开(电灯、煤气、自来水等)

turn out出席；在场；原来是；结果是；证明是；生产，制造 turn over翻身；翻转；移交；变换(电视频道) turn to求助于；翻到；改用 take turns 轮流；依次 by turns 轮流地

in turn相应地；依次地

Many people consider it to be good manners to say they are sorry when they turn down a request.

很多人认为在拒绝请求时表示抱歉是有礼貌的。[VOA]

When you are in meetings or at meals with other people, you should turn off your phone or put it on silent ringer.

当你开会或者和别人一起吃饭的时候，你应该关掉手机或者让它处于静音状态。 Jake turned on his computer and checked his e-mail.

杰克打开他的电脑查看了他的电子邮件。

It's a basic fact of life that many things “everybody knows\" turn out to be wrong. 生活中一个基本事实是许多“大家都知道”的事情结果却是错误的。 I would, indeed, turn the evidence over to the police. 我的确会把这个证据移交给。

Teenagers nowadays often turn to their parents for advice on important matters such as career choice.

现在的青少年经常在重要问题上向父母寻求建议，比如职业的选择。 He and Carla Torgerson take turns as the band's lead vocalist. 他和卡拉•托格森轮流担当乐队的主唱。 We did the work by turns.

我们轮流做这项工作。

When you struck the match to light your cigar I saw it was the face of the man wanted in Chicago.当你划火柴点燃雪茄烟时，我看到你的脸才知道你是芝加哥的通缉犯。 教材P46 ❹strike

➊vt&vi.划(火柴)；击出(火星)

I struck a match and held it to the candle. 我划了根火柴，点着了蜡烛。 Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁 ❷vt.& vi. (灾难、疾病等)爆发,侵袭

A powerful earthquake struck the Italian island of Sicily early this morning. 今天凌晨意大利西西里岛发生了强地震。 常用搭配

be struck by被......侵袭

However, many buildings in those areas suffered wind damage or were struck by falling trees during the hurricane.

但是，那些地区的许多建筑物在飓风刮过时不是遭受风的破坏就是被倒下的树木砸坏了。 ❸vt.碰撞；撞击

The child ran into the road and was struck by a car. 孩子跑到公路上给车撞了。［《牛津高阶》］ ❹vi.猛然攻击；突然袭击

Our troop struck the enemy camp at dawn.我军在黎明时向敌军营地发起了进攻。

❺vt.突然想到；猛地意识到

If any good idea strikes you, please let me know it in time. 如果你突然想到好主意，请及时告诉我。[BBC] 常见用法

it strikes sb that... = it occurs to sb that... 某人突然想到......

Halfway through the introduction it struck me that I couldn't name a single Keats's poem. 引言读到一半时，我突然意识到济慈的诗自己一首也说不上来。 ❻vt.& vi. (时钟)敲；鸣；报时 The clock struck nine. 钟敲了九下。

❼vi.& n.罢工；袭击

They made an air strike on the enemy's position. 他们向敌军的位置发起了空袭。 常用搭配

be on strike在罢工 go on strike举行罢工

Air traffic controllers are threatening to go on strike. 空中交通管制员威胁要举行罢工。［《牛津高阶》］ ❽vt.给(某人以......)印象；让(某人)觉得 His reaction struck me as odd. 他的反应令我诧异。 联想词

Striker n.罢工者；(足球队的)前锋队员

On the football team I'm a striker so I have to be able to run very fast.

我在足球队中是前锋,所以我必须能够跑得非常快。

Was he ashamed of having a friend like me?他为有我这样的朋友感到羞耻吗? 教材P47 ❺ashamed adj.羞耻的，惭愧的；感到不好意思的，难为情的 常用搭配

be/feel ashamed of (doing) sth 因(做)某事感到羞愧/难为情 be/feel ashamed of yourself 为自己感到惭愧 be/feel ashamed to do sth不好意思做某事

Ashamed of his monstrous form, the beast concealed himself inside his castle, with a magic mirror as his only window to the outside word.

野兽因外貌丑陋而自惭形秽,将自己藏在城堡里，只用一面魔镜作为了解外界的唯一窗口。［《美女为野》］

You should be ashamed of yourself for telling such lies.

你扯这种谎应该感到羞耻。［《牛津高阶》］ I was ashamed to tell her that I had failed. 我不好意思告诉她我没及格 联想词

①shame n.惭愧；羞耻；让人遗憾的事vt. 使蒙羞；使惭愧 It is a shame.../What a shame... 真遗憾/多可惜......

I will return, find you, love you, marry you and live without shame. 我会回来，找到你、爱你、娶你，然后挺起胸膛生活。［《赎罪》］ He shamed his family by being sent to prison.

他锒铛入狱,使家人蒙羞。

What a shame that you can't stay for dinner! 你不能留下来吃晚饭真遗憾! ②shameful adj. (行为)可耻的

shameful behaviour/conduct可耻的行为 易混辨析ashamed和shameful的用法区别

ashamed指人感到羞耻、惭愧、不好意思；shameful指事情或行为本身可耻不道德。 I feel ashamed of my shameful behaviour; I apologise to you. 我为自己可耻的行为感到惭愧，我向你道歉。

Settings: time, location and descriptions of the environment or surroundings help your readers picture the scene.背景:可以帮助读者想象场景的时间、地点以及对环境或周围事物的描述。 教材P47

❻location n. 地点，位置；所处地点.

The first thing he looked at was his office's location. 他首先看的是他办公室的位置。 联想词

①locate vt.找出......的准确位置；把......设置在；把......建造在 Locate your fireplace against an external wall. 把壁炉建在紧靠外墙的地方吧。 ②located adj.处于，位于；坐落在

be located in/at (= be situated in/at=lie in)位于

Located at the mouth of the Mississippi River, this city is renowned for its jazz music, wild nightlife and Cajun cuisine.

这座城市坐落在密西西比河河口，以它的爵士乐、狂热的夜生活和卡津美食而著名。 The house is located in one of Pimlico's prettiest garden squares. 这座房子位于皮姆利科最美丽的花园广场中的一处。 ❼surroundings n.周围的事物，环境

Only in this way can we live in more comfortable and beautiful surroundings. 只有这样我们才能生活在更舒造、更美丽的环境中。 联想词

①surrounding adj.周围的；附近的

At the right depth, these blood filled veins reflect less red light than the surrounding skin, making them look blue by comparison. 在合适的深度，这些充满血液的静脉比周围的皮肤反射的红光要少，使得它们相比之下看上去是蓝色的。

②surround vt.围绕；环绕；包围

be surrounded with/by... 被......围绕/包围

surround oneself with... 和......在一起；喜欢身边总有...... There's an apparent laziness that surrounds you here. 很显然，在这里懒惰包围着你。 The lake is surrounded with/by trees. 湖边树木环绕。［《牛津高阶》］

When the ear stopped in the town square, it was surrounded by soldier sand militiamen. 当这辆车在城镇广场停下时，它被战士和民兵包围了。 I like to surround myself with beautiful things.

我喜欢身边老有漂亮的东西。［《牛津高阶》］

❽scene n.场景；(戏剧中的)一场；活动领域；界；现场；景色；(尤指在公开场合的)争吵，吵嘴

The movie opens with a scene in a New York apartment. 电影开头的一场戏发生在纽约的一套公寓里。［《牛津高阶》］ The police soon arrived at the scene of the crime. 很快就到达了案发现场。

You will see a delightful rural scene there. 在那里你会看到赏心悦目的乡村风光。

A newcomer has appeared on the music scene.

音乐界出了一位新人。 常用搭配

battle scenes战斗场面 on the scene到场，出现

behind the scenes在后台；在幕后；秘密地 make a scene大吵大闹

There are many battle scenes in the movie. 这部电影里有很多战斗场面。

I feel honoured to be on the scene while all this is happening.

在这一切正在发生的时候，我为自己能参与而感到荣幸。

It couldn't have been finished in advance without so many people working hard behind the scenes.

要是没有这么多人在幕后努力地工作，这是不可能提前完成的。 易混辨析scene, sight, view与scenery的用法区别 ①scene指展现在眼前的情景，也可指scenery 的一部分，大多包括景物中的人及活动在内。 ②sight指眼睛所看到的景象，可以指美丽的风景，也可以指悲惨的景象。常用复数形式sights表示名胜古迹、人文景观等。

③view表示视野、眼界，常指从某一固定位置看到的景色。 ④scenery指一个国家或地区的整体自然风景，是不可数名词。 The boats in the harbour made a beautiful scene. 港口的船只构成了美丽的景色。

The practice of hanging clothes across the street is a common sight in many parts of the city. 在大街上晾晒衣服在这座城市的许多地区是很常见的景象。 We spent a week in Rome looking at all the sights. 我们在罗马玩儿了一个星期，参观了所有的名胜。

The view from our window was one beautiful green countryside.

从我们的窗口可以看到一片绿色乡村的美景。

We gather some of the most beautiful and extraordinary scenery of France. 我们收集了一些法国最美丽和最非凡的风景。 句子控

Well, we agreed that night that we would meet here again exactly twenty years from that date and time, no matter what our conditions might be or from what distance we might have to come.教材P44 主语：we

谓语：agreed

时间状语：that night

宾语从句：that we would meet here again exactly twenty years from that date and time (that引导宾语从句)

状语从句：no matter what our conditions might be or from what distance we might have to come (no matter what引导让步状语从句) [句意]于是，那天晚上，我们约定，从那一天那一刻算起，二十年后我们将在这里再次见面，无论我们境况如何，也无论我们要从多远的地方赶来。 知识拓展 “no matter +疑问词”引导让步状语从句

“no matter+疑问词”引导让步状语从句，意为“不管，无论......”，可与“疑问词+-ever” 引导的让步状语从句互换。

no matter who = whoever无论谁 no matter what = whatever无论什么 no matter which = whichever无论哪个 no matter when = whenever不管何时 no matter where = wherever不管哪里 no matter how = however无论如何

Whoever/No matter who points out our shortcomings, we will correct them. 不管谁指出我们的缺点，我们都会改正。

Wherever/No matter where I go, I see people on their cell phones messaging.

无论我去哪儿，都能看到人们在手机上收发信息。

Whatever/No matter what happens, I will always carry this joy with me. 不管发生什么，我会让这份快乐一直伴随着自己。

She leaves her bedroom's window open, however/no matter how cold it is. 无论天气多么冷，她都开着卧室的窗户。

We figured that in twenty years each of us ought to have our destiny worked out and our fortunes made, whatever they were going to be. 教材P44 主语：We 谓语：figured

时间状语：in twenty years 主语：each of u 谓语：ought to have 宾语：our destiny 宾补：worked out 并列连词：and

宾语： our fortunes 宾补：made 宾语从句：that in twenty years each of us ought to have our destiny worked out and our fortunes made (that引导宾语从句)

状语从句：whatever they were going to be (whatever引导让步状语从句)

[句意]我们当时认为，二十年后，不管各自的命运如何，发多大的财，一切都该成了定局。 知识拓展that引导宾语从句

宾语从句为陈述句时，用从属连词that连接，that在句中无实际意义，不充当成分，在口语中常省略。

I know (that) he has returned. 我知道他已经回来了。

特别注意

宾语从句中的引导词that在一般情况下可省略，但在以下情况中不能省略: ①and连接两个宾语从句，that引导的宾语从句放在and的后面时。 Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened. 大家都能看到发生了什么，并看出汤姆非常害怕。 ②that引导的宾语从句作介词的宾语时。

I know nothing about him except that he is from the south. 我对他一无所知，只知道他是南方人。 ③that引导的宾语从句位于句首时。

That he ever said such a thing I simply don't believe.

我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。

④主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语时。

We decided, in view of his special circumstances, that we would admit him for a probationary period.

鉴于他的特殊情况，我们决定试用他一段时间。 ⑤宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时。 He told us that he felt ill.

他对我们说他感到不舒服。

I came a thousand miles to stand in this door tonight, and it's worth it if my old partner turns up. 教材P45 主语：I

谓语：came

状语：to stand in this door tonight(动词不定式短语作目的状语) 并列连词：and 主+系：it's 表语：worth it

状语从句：if my old partner turns up (if引导条件状语从句)

[句意]今天晚上，我千里迢迢来到这里，站在这扇门前，如果我那位老伙伴出现，这一切都是值得的。

知识拓展 动词不定式(短语)作目的状语

动词不定式(短语)作目的状语，意为“为了......”当作目的状语的动词不定式(短语)置于句首时，常用逗号将其与句子隔开；置于句中时则可以不用隔开，其否定形式为not to do。为了使目的更加清楚或表示强调，可用in order to do sth或so as to do sth,但so as to do sth不能用于句首；否定形式为in order not to do sth或so as not to do sth。 To get more information, you can visit our website.

想获取更多信息，你可以访问我们的网站。

In order to make our dreams come true, we should equip ourselves with more knowledge. 为了实现我们的梦想,我们应该用更多的知识武装自己。

We should make more high-tech products so as to make full use of solar energy. 我们应该制造出更多的高科技产品，以便能充分利用太阳能。 写作仿 素材储备 1.构思要点 (1)人物设定

明确文章中的人物及各人物与文章主线的关系，按照文章的主线厘清各人物在文章中的

出现场合。

(2)确定矛盾冲突点

矛盾冲突般是文章的高潮部分。首先明确冲突走向，在情节创设中需要融人以下几点: ①语言描写需与心理描写、动作描写同时进行，语言描写要简洁并且信息传达明确，而且添加说话者说话时的动作描写以及心理的动向可以使故事更加生动；

②环境描写力求凸显人物或情境特征，可利用环境的反衬作用凸显人物的心理特征，如欧•亨利《二十年后》中“细雨绵绵寒风阵阵的夜晚，街道上的人都回家了，只有一个人还在门口等待着......”就利用环境的不堪反衬出主人公对所等之人的重视；

③掌握同一语义的不同英语表达形式及选词的精确度(如unusual, strange, odd, bizarre 均有“奇怪的；不寻常的”之意，但用法又有所不同)及句式承载的信息量(简单句、复合句、特殊句式插入成分等)都会决定文章的可读性及真实感，近义词的情境使用特征以及长难句的句式生成结构都是收集的重点。 (3)矛盾解决

掌握常见结尾模式，写作中有的放矢。故事结尾有较为明确的分类，如大团圆式、引人思考式、揭秘式等，收集相关结尾方式并加以利用会增加写作的实效性。 (4)个人体验

可根据需要适当添加自已的所见所感，可在结尾部分适当增加自己的心理描写,对主题进行升华。 2.名著经典结尾

“It's funny. Don't ever tell anybody anything. If you do, you start missing everybody.\"

“说来好笑。你千万别跟任何人谈任何事情。你只要一谈起，就会开始想念每一个人。”

------《麦田里的守望者》

(The Catcher in the Rye)，J.D. Salinger

“Whatever our struggles and triumphs, however we may suffer them, all too soon they bleed into a wash, just like watery ink on paper. ”

“无论是怎样的奋斗和成功，无论我们遭受何等的痛苦和磨砺，一切都会很快渗入浪涛中，就像水墨颜料泼洒在纸上。”

------《艺伎回忆录》

(Memoirs of a Geisha)，Arthur Golden

\"The creatures outside looked from pig to man, and from man to pig, and from pig to man again; but already it was impossible to say which was which. ”

“外面的生物从猪看到人，又从人看到猪，再从猪看到人；但他们已经分不清谁是猪，谁是人了。”

------《动物农场》

(Animal Farm), George Orwell

“The old man was dreaming about the lions.\" “老人又一次梦见了狮子。”

------《老人与海》

(The Old Man and the Sea)，Ernest Hemingway

\"It is a far, far better thing that I do, than I have ever done; it is a far, far better rest that I go to, than I have ever known.\"

“这是我一生中最乐意做的事，这里是我最好的安息之所。”

------《双城记》

(A Tale of Two Cities)，Charles Dickens

“He turned out the light and went into Jem's room. He would be there all night, and he would be there when Jem waked up in the morning.”

“他关了灯，进入杰姆的房间。整个晚上他都会在杰姆身边。早上杰姆醒来时，他也会在杰姆身边。”

------《杀死一只知更鸟》

(To Kill a Mockingbird), Harper Lee

模拟演练

[浙江2020年1月]阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。

“I'm going to miss you so much, Poppy,\" said the tall, thin teenager. He bent down to hug his old friend goodbye. He stood up, hugged his parents, and smiled, trying not to let his emotions (情绪) get the better of him.

His parents were not quite able to keep theirs under control. They had driven their son several hours out of town to the university where he would soon be living and studying. It was time to say goodbye for now at least. The family hugged and smiled through misty eyes and then laughed.

The boy lifted the last bag onto his shoulder, and flashed a bright smile. “I guess this is it,\" he said. “I’ll see you back home in a month, okay?\" His parents nodded, and they watched as he walked out of sight into the crowds of hundreds of students and parents. The boy's mother turned to the dog, “Okay, Poppy, time to go back home.”

The house seemed quiet as a tomb without the boy living there. All that week, Poppy didn't seem interested in her dinner, her favorite toy, or even in her daily walk. Her owners were sad too, but they knew their son would be back to visit. Poppy didn't.

They offered the dog some of her favorite peanut butter treats. They even let her sit on the sofa, but the old girl just wasn't her usual cheerful self. Her owners started to get worried. “What should we do to cheer Poppy up?” asked Dad. “We've tried everything.”

“I have an idea, but it might be a little crazy,\" smiled Mom. “Without anybody left in the house but us, this place could use a bit of fun. Let's get a little dog for Poppy.”

It didn't take long before they walked through the front door carrying a big box. Poppy welcomed them home as usual, but when she saw the box, she stopped. She put her nose on it. Her tail began wagging (摆动) ever so slowly，then faster as she caught the smell. 注意:

1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右;

2.至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语; 3.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好;

4.续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。 Paragraph 1:

Dad opened the box and a sweet little dog appeared.

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The Paragraph 2:

A few weeks later, the boy arrived home from university.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ [参考范文] Paragraph 1:

Dad opened the box and a sweet little dog appeared. It lifted and lowered its head alternately with caution, its eyes shining out of curiosity, “Say hello to your new friend,Poppy.” Dad said in an encouraging voice. Poppy gave him a seemingly knowing look, scratching the box with its front paw. The little creature slowly stood up, jumped out with pains-taking efforts and yapped around Poppy. They sniffed each other like old friends. The parents gasped in surprise even with kind of envy. They cannot imagine the two dogs enjoyed each other’s company in the blink of an eye. Paragraph 2:

A few weeks later, the boy arrived home from university. He cannot wait to tell his parents about his new friends in the university. Strangely, he wasn't greeted with Poppy's eager barking but an unbelievable scene. The two dogs were tumbling about on the floor. The house was pulsating with life. Parents came up, hugging their son. “One has to grow up in his new friends' company. We should get used to it. ” Mom said half-jokingly, stroking his thin but determined face. It can't be sure enough. 请总结你学到的有用表达: [高级词汇]

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ [高级句式]

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