在职攻硕英语联考模拟试卷46(题后含答案及解析)

在职攻硕英语联考模拟试卷46 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1. Dialogue Communication 2. Vocabulary and Structure 3. Reading Comprehension 4. Cloze Test 5. Translation 6. Writing

Part I Dialogue Communication (15 minutes, 15 points)

Section A Dialogue CompletionDirections: In this section, you will read 5 short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the answer that best suits the situation to complete the dialogue. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.

1． Speaker A: I can’t seem to find a color TV of the new model. Speaker B: ______

A．Why don’t you try the new store on King’s Road? B．There’s also something wrong with my TV set.

C．Don’t you know the new model you want is not on the market yet? D．The new model is far more expensive than those old ones.

正确答案：A 解析：A方的话：“我好像找不到那种新型号的彩电”表明了A方想买新彩电的打算，选项A的答复：“你为什么不去国王路的那家新商店看看”与A方的话逻辑关系一致，是正确答案。

2． Speaker A: Could I trouble you to return these two books for me? Speaker B: ______

A．It’s no trouble at all. B．Yes, please.

C．Why didn’t you go to the library yourself? D．Sure, I’ll be glad to.

正确答案：D

解析：A方请求B方帮忙还书，B方应做出同意或拒绝这一请求的反应。选项D“当然，我很乐意”是这一对话情景下的恰当反应。C项显得不太礼貌，而且句中的时态也不正确。

3． Speaker A: I love your skirt. It’s so beautiful on you! Speaker B; ______ A．Thank you! It’s just an ordinary skirt.

B．Oh, really? Do you like it? I bought it in Yunnan. C．Thank you! I’m glad you think so.

D．Oh, no. Your dress looks more beautiful than my skirt.

正确答案：C

解析：A方在赞美B方穿的短裙漂亮，B方应大方地接受对方的夸奖并道谢。因此，选项C是正确反应。A、B、D项的反应都带有汉语式表达的痕迹。

4． Speaker A: Look, it’s going to storm. Take my umbrella. Speaker B: ______ A．How will you go home if you give it to me? B．I have a raincoat in my office. Thanks anyway. C．I think you need to use it yourself.

D．It doesn’t matter. I will go without having your umbrella.

正确答案：B

解析：A方主动提出让对方带上他的雨伞，对于别人提出的好意，B方应表示接受或谢绝，谢绝的同时做出必要的解释。四个选项中，B项是这一场景下的正确反应。

5． Speaker A: What seems to be the problem with the blouse, miss? Speaker B: ______

A．How do you know I have a problem with the blouse? B．No, thank you. There is nothing wrong with the blouse. C．I was not careful and spilled some coffee on it.

D．Well, look what happened the first time I washed it. The color changed completely.

正确答案：D 解析：A方问：“小姐，这件衬衣有什么问题?”显示对话最可能的场景是商店，而B方是顾客。选项D具体指出了衬衣的问题，是这一情景下的正确反应。

Section B Dialogue ComprehensionDirections: In this section, you will read 5 short conversations between a man and a woman. At the end of each conversation there is a question followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer to the question from the four choices given and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.

6． Man: Have you run up against any problems in getting your passport renewed? Woman: I haven’t started the plan yet. Question: What do know from the conversation?

A．The woman doesn’t think it a problem to get her passport renewed. B．The woman has difficulty renewing her passport. C．The woman hasn’t renewed her passport yet. D．The woman’s passport is still valid.

正确答案：C

解析：男方问女方在更换护照方面有没有遇到问题，女方的回答是“我还没开始这一计划呢”。言外之意：护照还没有更换。这与C项的内容相吻合。

7． Woman: What’s the difference between a lesson and a lecture? Man: Well, they are both ways of imparting knowledge, but the main difference is that you participate in a lesson whereas you just listen to a lecture. A lecture is generally given to a much larger group. Question: What does the man mean?

A．A lesson requires students’ active involvement. B．Students usually take an active part in a lecture. C．More knowledge is covered in a lecture.

D．There is a larger group of people interested in lessons.

正确答案：A 解析：男方回答说两者的区别主要在于学生要参与课堂，而只需要听讲座就行了。这和A项的内容相吻合。

8． Woman: It’s awfully dark for four o’clock. Do you think it’s going to rain? Man: You’d better do something about that watch of yours. It must have stopped hours ago. Mine says seven. Question: What conclusion can we draw from this conversation?

A．Neither of their watches keeps good time. B．The woman’s watch stopped 3 hours ago. C．The man’s watch goes too fast.

D．It’s too dark for the woman to read her watch.

正确答案：B

解析：女方话中提到现在是4点钟，而男方说她的表一定是停了，最好去修一下。因为他的表现在是7点钟。由此可知，女方的表已停3小时了，这与B的内容一致。

9． Man: You are looking a little overwhelmed. Man: Exactly, you know. I got a million things to do, and all of them have to be finished within three hours. Question: What does the woman mean?

A．She’s proud of being able to do many things at the same time. B．She is sure to finish all the things in a few hours. C．She dreams of becoming a millionaire someday. D．She’s been kept extremely busy.

正确答案：D

解析：男方说女方看上去很不安，女方回答说她有许多事要做，而且所有事都得在3小时内完成。言下之意：她忙得焦头烂额，这与D项的内容相吻合。

10． Man: Uh ... Uh, looks like I am going to be a little late for class. I hope Professor Clark doesn’t start on time today. Woman: Are you kidding? You can set your watch by the time he starts his class. Question: What can be inferred about Professor Clark?

A．He wants his students to be on time for class.

B．He doesn’t allow his students to tell jokes in class. C．He is always punctual for his class.

D．He rarely notices which students are late.

正确答案：C 解析：女方说：“你可以根据他开始上课的时间来对表”，由此可推断出Clark教授上课很准时，这也是C项的内容。

Part II Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes, 10 points)Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B. C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.

11． It is difficult for us to explain phenomena of which we have little or______direct knowledge.

A．not any B．no C．none D．nothing

正确答案：B

解析：no与not any在意义上无甚差别，但在形式上，前者是合成否定，后者是分解否定，这两种形式是不能并列使用的。句中little也是合成否定，相当于almost no，便要求其同类形式no与之相并列。从另一个角度分析，not any通常不能成为固定习语，而little or no是固定习语，所以not any不合适。none和nothing都是代词，而此处要求形容词，故不正确。

12． Most of______archaeologists know about prehistoric cultures is based on studies of material remains.

A．which B．what C．that D．those

正确答案：B

解析：句中需要填人一个能够引导of宾语从句的关联词，这个词应能起两个作用，一个是引导句子，一个是在句中承担一个成分，所以排除that和those。which一般引导定语从句，而此处是宾语从句，因此应选what。

13． I am sorry. I______finished it by last Monday, but I have been too busy. A．must have B．may have C．ought to have D．might have

正确答案：C 解析：此题测试的是情态动词完成式的含义和用法。ought to have(done)具有虚拟含义，与should(not)have(done)类似，表示“本应该(本不该)做某事但实际上未做(做了)”，符合题意要求：“我应该上星期一前就做完这件事，可是我一直太忙了，真抱歉”；may have(done)和might have(done)“也许做了某事”，后者可能性更小；must have(done)表示对过去情况的肯定推测，均与句意不符。

14． The original building was erected in 1710, but this structure has been largely transformed and extended, the present hotel______in 1910.

A．was completed

B．to have been completed C．having been completed D．completed

正确答案：C

解析：从标点符号看，逗号后面的内容只是句子的一个成分，而不是一个的句子，因为没有连接词。因此，应选非谓语分词形式。此外，句中已给时间状语1910，所以用完成式表示complete这一动作发生在过去。

15． There are several steps that can be taken, of which the chief one is to demand of all the organizations that exist with the declared objectives of safeguarding the interests of animals that they______clearly where they stand on violence towards people.

A．will declare B．should declare C．have declared D．are declaring

正确答案：B

解析：should declare是虚拟语气形式，此句中that they…从句作demand的宾语从句，of all the organizations that…作demand的间接宾语，that exist…从句作organizations的定语从句，where引导从句作declare的宾语。

16． Being a bad-tempered man, he would not tolerate______his lectures interrupted as if he were some obscure candidate making an election speech.

A．to have B．having C．to have had D．having had

正确答案：B

解析：tolerate要求动名词作宾语，与其同义词bear，stand“忍受”在用法上结构相同。

17． It is not within the scope of this article to present test procedures in detail, but rather______ a brief outline of each and the significance of the results.

A．giving B．to give C．given D．gives

正确答案：B

解析：to give与to present两个不定式并列平行，其他选项在形式上都不对。本句可译为：“本文并不提供详细的实验方法，本文只是对每个实验以及实验结果的意义给予简要的说明。”

18． He speaks English with strong American accent, so he______ brought up in the United States or Canada.

A．must have been B．must be

C．may have been D．can’t have been

正确答案：A

解析：must have been brought up in the U．S．or Canada“一定是在美国或加拿大长大”。对过去情况作肯定推断，用must have done。

19． If the population of the Earth goes on increasing at its present rate, by the middle of the 21st century we______all the oil that drives our cars.

A．will use up

B．will have used up C．have used up

D．will have been using up

正确答案：B

解析：到将来某一时刻为止已发生了的动作，要用将来完成时。一般说来，如果句中有by引导的时间状语，谓语就应用完成式，并根据具体时间确定是现在、过去还是将来完成式。如：by now(现在完成式)；by 1960(过去完成式)；by 2010(将来完成式)。

20． Sometimes an Englishman is______enthusiastic, emotional, excited, etc. than any other nationality, but tends to display his feelings far less.

A．no more B．not much C．no less D．much less

正确答案：C 解析：句中有than，因此要求有形容词比较级与之呼应，故B错。no more…than…“与……同样不……”，much less…than“远不如……”，两者都不合句子意思。只有C正确。no less…than…“与……同样……”。

21． It is very difficult for him to______between blue and green. A．contrast B．distinguish C．separate D．compare

正确答案：B 解析：distinguish between“区别，辨别”，如：distinguish between right and wrong“分清是非”；contrast(with)“形成对比；相对照”，如；His actions contrast sharply with his promises．他的言行相差太远。separate(from)“分开，隔开”，如，Separate the good ones from the bad．使好的和坏的分开。compare(with)“比较”，指研究，评判人与人或事物与事物之间相同或相异之程度，如：compare your composition with the model composition“把你的作文与范文相比较”。

22． Leading cadres launch rectification campaigns at regular______to hear the masses’ views.

A．interaction B．intervals C．interruptions D．interpretation

正确答案：B

解析：此题考固定搭配。at regular intervals“每隔一定时间”；interaction“交互作用；交感”；interruption“打扰；中断”；interpretation“解释，阐明”。显然答案应为B。

23． ______the traffic jam, we would have caught our train. A．But for B．Because of C．By means of D．Due to

正确答案：A

解析：题句是一个虚拟语气句，能够引导虚拟语气的只有But for“要不是”，如：But for your help，we wouldn’t have finished the work on time．要不是你的帮助，我们就不能按时完成这项工作了。Because of“由于，因为”；By means of“用，依靠”；Due to“应归于，由于”。

24． From his demeanor (举止) on entering the room I____ that the interview

had not gone well for him.

A．informed B．implied C．indicated D．inferred

正确答案：D

解析：inform“通知，告诉，报告”；imply“意指，暗示”，如：I don’t imply that you are wrong．我的意思不是说你错了。indicate“指示；表示；暗示”，如：indicate a place on a map“指出地图上的某一地方”，a high fever that indicates severe illness“表示病重的高烧”。infer“推论；推断”，如：Am I to infer from your remarks that you think I am a liar?你的话是否表示你认为我说谎呢?

25． Vitamins do not provide energy, nor do they construct or build any part of the body. They are needed for______foods into energy and body maintenance.

A．transforming B．transferring C．altering D．shifting

正确答案：A

解析：根据题意指“把一物变成另一物”。在四个选项中能表达这一意思的只有transform，而且它通常与into连用，如：A steam engine transforms heat into energy．蒸汽机把热变成能。其他三个选项transfer“转移；调动”，alter“改变，变更”，shift“转移，移动；转变”都不能表达这一意思。

26． I______this first edition of Paradise Lost in a secondhand bookstore in London.

A．came to B．came in C．came across D．came down

正确答案：C

解析：come to“苏醒过来；总计为……”；come in“进来”；come across“偶然发现”；come down“坍塌；崩溃；(物价、气温等)低落，下降”。

27． There were many people present and he appeared only for a few seconds, so I only caught a ______of him.

A．glance B．glimpse C．look D．sight

正确答案：B

解析：此题考近义词辨析。四个选项都有“看”的意思，但含义不同，用法也不同。glance“一瞥，匆匆一看”其搭配通常为cast a glance at或take a glance at;glimpse“一瞥；瞥见”，通常为catch a glimpse of或get a glimpse of；look泛指“看”，通常为have(take)a look at；sight“视力；视野”，通常为catch sight of。由此看来答案只能选B。

28． These last 22 years have really been amazing, every prediction we’ve made about improvements have all______.

A．come over B．come down C．come along D．come true

正确答案：D

解析：come over“从远处来；改变立场或意见”，如：Won’t you come over to Beijing for a holiday?你不来北京度假吗?He will never come over to our side，他绝不会改变立场参加我们这一边。come down“坍塌；倒下；下降”，如，In the storm a tree came down．在这场暴风雨中，一棵树被刮倒了。Inflation is starting to come down．通货膨胀开始下降了。come along“(祈使)再努力点；出现；到达；进步，变好”，如：Come along，now--someone must know the answer!再想想看——一定有人知道答案的。When the right opportunity comes along，he’ll take it．当良机到来时，他会抓住的。The garden is coming along quite nicely．那花园越来越美。come true“实现”，如：His dream finally came true．他的梦想终于实现了。由以上分析可以看出，只有D符合题意。

29． The doctor______me that if I took this medicine twice a day, I would be well soon.

A．assured B．ensured C．confessed D．confirm

正确答案：A

解析：confirm“进一步证实(事实或消息等)”；confess“承认；坦白；忏悔”，两词都不符合题意。ensure直接跟名词或that从句意为“确保，保证”，如：ensure success(supplies)“保证成功(供应)”，We can ensure that the work shall be done in the right way．我们可以保证把工作做好。而ensure后跟人称代词时常用的搭配为ensure sb．against sth．“使安全”或ensure(to)sb．sth.“保证给；赋予”；assure“使……相信；使……放心”，其用法一般为assure sb．of sth．或assure sb．that，如：We tried to assure the nervous old lady that flying was safe．我们尽力使那位紧张的老妇人相信乘飞机是安全的。He assured me of his readiness to help．他使我相信他愿意帮忙。

30． Anyone breaking the rules will be asked to leave______. A．at the spot B．on the spot C．for the spot D．in the spot

正确答案：B

解析：在所提供的四个选项中只有B是固定搭配词组，意为“在现场，当场”，如：The police were on the spot within a few minutes of hearing about the crime．获悉该项犯罪后几分钟，即赶到了现场。The bullet struck his head and he was killed on the spot．子弹击中了他的头部，他当场就了。很显然，此题需要的意思为“当场”，所以答案应为B，其他的选项均为起迷惑作用的干扰项。

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes, 40 points)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.

The Warranty Holdings Group, a European leader in mechanical breakdown insurance and a researcher and commentator on trends in motoring, says that the motorists’ world 20 years from now will be marked by more cars, more choice and more technology. Built-in safety features will increase and will include night-vision and collision-avoidance system, and monitoring devices to stop drivers falling asleep at the wheel. A growth in tele-working and home shopping should cut the numbers of trips in a car made by most motorists and “fun” sports cars will become popular as private motoring becomes more recreational in nature. The survey results show that despite years of research into alternative fuel sources for vehicles, no clear winner has emerged for a replacement for the conventional petrol-engined car. Gas and electricity are the best possibilities, with Toyota’s design division in Japan claiming it already has an electric car that will drive up to 250km on a single charge. However, while electric and “hybrid” powered vehicles will be far more in evidence in the future, it will take a major technological breakthrough to steer the car industry away from its current path of gradual improvements to the petrol-driven internal combustion engine. Professor Garel Rhys, of the Cardiff Business School in Wales, says engine fuel injection systems of the future will be far more frugal than anything that exists at the moment. “It will be like putting a pipette of petrol into the cylinders, rather than just throwing it in by the bucket load, which is almost what we do at the moment when you compare it with what could be possible. “ Some environmentalists point to the Twingo, the small car developed by France’s Renault company, to show that what could be achieved by the world’s car industry if it moved away from a trend towards bigger and more powerful cars and radically cut the fuel consumption of its products. Public opinion polls in many countries show motorists

wanting access to this kind of environmentally-aware car. A prototype environmental car, the SmILE (smaller, intelligent, lighten, efficient) has been put together by the environmental group Greenpeace. The group hopes the concept will catch on. It depends heavily on supercharging or forcing fuel mixture into the cylinders at higher than normal pressure. Some experts say this is a good way to extract high performance and high fuel efficiency from small engines. Cutting the fuel consumption has had no negative effect on the handling or performance of the car, according to the designers. Top speed, flexibility and acceleration from the engine is as good or better than the original Twingo. They say the technology used to create the Twingo SmILE could just as easily be used on other brands of car. What remains to be seen is whether the enthusiasm of environmental designers catches on with the dollar-driven international car industry, and whether motorists back up with their chequebooks their desire for “greener” cars.

31． Which of the following is true about the motorists’ world 20 years from now?

A．The number of cars will reduce as more people work and shop at home. B．People will only use cars for recreational purposes. C．Cars will be better equipped to enhance bigger safety. D．Fun sports cars will be the mainstream of car industry.

正确答案：C

解析：细节题。根据文章第一段，未来20年汽车世界的特点是：汽车数量更多、选择范围更广和技术更加先进，车内安全特征将会增加，其中包括夜视和防碰撞系统以及防止司机开车时睡觉的监控装置。C与此吻合，A意思相反；根据第二段，远距离电脑办公和家庭购物的兴起将可能减少大多数开车者驾车出行的次数，随着个人驾车本质上更具消遣性，“娱乐性”跑车将更受欢迎，但这不意味着人们用车只是为了娱乐；跑车会更受欢迎，但并非将成为汽车业的主流，所B和D都不准确。

32． It can be inferred from the passage that______.

A．it is unlikely that today’s petrol-driven car will be a thing of the past in the near future

B．electricity will soon be the alternative fuel source as Toyota has succeeded in designing an electric car

C．the car industry has attempted to make a breakthrough in improving the petrol-driven engine but failed

D．the car industry is now trying to economize its current engine fuel injection systems and make the cars more powerful

正确答案：A 解析：推断题。根据第三、四段，尽管对汽车替代性燃料的研究进行了多年，大功告成者到现在还没有出现，传统的汽油汽车还没有找到替代品。尽管电动汽

车和“混合型”动力机车在未来是极为可行的事，但是要使汽车工业改头换面，不再走逐步改进汽油内燃机的老路，还需要在技术上有重大突破。由此可推断，汽油发动机汽车在近期成为过眼烟云仍不太可能，所以选A。文章中虽然说丰田公司已研制出充电一次就能行驶多达250公里的电动汽车，但这并不意味着电很快就能替代汽油，所以B不对；文章中说汽车工业改头换面，不再走逐步改进汽油内燃机的老路，还需要在技术上有重大突破，并非汽车公司曾努力取得突破但失败了，所以也排除C；汽车现在的注油方式仍然是大量注入，所以D也不对。

33． The phrase “catch on” (Line 2, Para. 7) most probably means______. A．become popular B．draw attention C．be formulated D．be in trouble

正确答案：B

解析：词汇题。根据第七段，环境保护组织“绿色和平”已经构想出一种环保型样车SmILE(体积小、智能化、重量轻、效率高四个英文单词的首字母组合)。从逻辑上分析，该组织当然是希望这一概念能流行起来，被人接受，所以A是正确答案。其他三个意思均不符合上下文逻辑。

34． The author thinks that environmentalists who are keen for environmental cars______.

A．can be very optimistic

B．are more likely to be disappointed than satisfied C．will have to be patient D．should be cautious

正确答案：C

解析：细节题。根据文章最后一段，人们拭目以待的是，受金钱驱动的国际汽车工业是否理解环保设计者的热情，开车族是否舍得花钱来满足他们开“环保型”汽车的愿望。所以作者认为热衷环保汽车的人还应耐心等待。所以选C。作者没有说明他们可以非常乐观，或很可能大失所望，或应小心谨慎，所以其他三个选项都不对。

35． This passage can be best entitled______. A．New Trends in Car Industry

B．Environmental Car under Scrutiny C．The Future of Car Industry D．Green Cars: Is It Possible?

正确答案：B

解析：主旨题。文章主要讲环保汽车研制的进展情况，所以B“环保汽车在研制中”最适合做本文的标题。A“汽车工业的新趋势”和C“汽车工业的未来”

都覆盖面太大；D“绿色汽车：可能吗?”是一个问题，作者不是在回答这个问题，所以也不准确。

Conventional wisdom has it that concern for the environment is a luxury only the rich world can afford; that only people whose basic needs for food and shelter have been met can start worrying about the health of the planet. This survey will argue that developing countries, too, should be thinking about the environment. True, in the rich countries a strong environmental movement did not emerge until long after they had become industrialized, a stage that many developing countries have yet to reach. And true, many of the developed world’s environmental concerns have little to do with immediate threats to its inhabitants’ well-being. People worry about whether carbon-dioxide emissions might lead to a warmer climate next century, or whether genetically engineered crops might have unforeseen consequences for the ecosystem. That is why, when rich world environmentalists’ campaign against pollution in poor countries, they are often accused of naivety. Such countries, the critics say, have more pressing concerns, such as getting their people out of poverty. But the environmental problems that developing countries should worry about are different from those that western pundits have fashionable arguments over. They are not about potential problems in the next century, but about indisputable harm being caused today by, above all, contaminated water and polluted air. The survey will argue that, contrary to conventional wisdom, solving such problems need not hurt economic growth; indeed dealing with them now will generally be cheaper than leaving them to cause further harm. In most developing countries pollution seems to be getting worse, not better. Most big cities in Latin America, for example, are suffering rising levels of air pollution. Populations in these countries are growing so fast that improvements in water supply have failed to keep up with the number of extra people. Worldwide, about a billion people still have no access to clean water, and water contaminated by sewage is estimated to kill some 2 million children every year. Throughout Latin America, Asia, Africa, forests are disappearing, causing not just long-term concern about climate change but also immediate economic damage. Forest fires in Indonesia in 1997 produced a huge blanket of smog that enveloped much of South-East Asia and kept the tourists away. It could happen again, and probably will. Recent research suggests that pollution in developing countries is far more than a minor irritation : it imposes a heavy economic cost. A World Bank study put the cost of air and water pollution in China at $ 54 billion a year, equivalent to an astonishing 8% of the country’s GDP. Another study estimated the health costs of air pollution in Jakarta and Bangkok in the early 1990s at around 10% of these cities’ income. These are no more than educated guesses, but whichever way the sums are done, the cost is not negligible.

36． It is conventionally thought that______.

A．only rich countries can afford to care about environmental problems B．developing countries should also be thinking about the environment

C．environmental problems exist only in the rich world

D．rich countries have not paid enough attention to the health of the planet

正确答案：A

解析：细节题。文章开头第一句是本题答案所在。传统观念认为，关注环境只是富裕国家才有能力追求的奢侈品，也就是说只有那些已满足了食宿的基本要求的人才有可能担忧环境问题。因此，A是正确答案。

37． The critics of rich world environmentalists’ campaign against pollution in poor countries hold that poor countries should be more concerned about______.

A．the potential greenhouse effect

B．the bad consequences of genetically engineered crops C．how to get rid of poverty D．how to develop education

正确答案：C

解析：细节题。第一段结尾处，富裕国家的环境学家在贫穷国家开展治理污染的运动，但他们却被指责为太天真了。一些批评他们的人认为，这些贫穷国家有更紧要的需要关注的问题，即如何摆脱贫穷，而不是如何治理污染。因此C是正确的。

38． It can be inferred from the passage that______.

A．developing countries should worry about the harm caused by polluted water and air

B．the developing countries’ economy will develop more rapidly if they deal with environmental problems right now

C．the conventional wisdom has it that solving environmental problems may hurt economic growth

D．the conventional wisdom holds that dealing with environmental problems now will generally cost less

正确答案：C

解析：推断题。第二段明确说明，发展中国家关注的环境问题是污染，尤其是水和空气污染正在造成危害，因此A不是推断出来的。接着作者说，与传统观念相反，解决这些问题不需要伤害经济增长，而且现在解决它们比任凭它们造成更多危害花费要少得多。由此可推断，传统观念认为，解决环境问题会损害经济的发展。因此C是正确答案。B是推断不出的，而D是文章中明确说了的。

39． Disappearing forests throughout Latin America, Asia and Africa can cause______.

A．immediate climate change B．immediate economic damage C．more forests fires D．higher death rate

正确答案：B

解析：细节题。在第三段后半部分，森林的消失不仅会造成对气候变化的长期担忧，而且会对经济造成直接的损害。由此可知，只有B符合原文意思。

40． The passage is written for the purpose of______. A．analyzing the difference between the environmental problems in rich and poor countries

B．arguing why developing countries should take immediate action to deal with their environmental problems

C．demonstrating how serious damage pollution can cause to a country’s economic development

D．explaining why the developed world’s environmental concerns have little to do with immediate threats

正确答案：B

解析：主旨题。本文主要是讲发展中国家的环境问题，阐述为什么这些国家现在也应当关注并解决它们的环境问题。因此B是正确答案。

A chain of shops in East Yorkshire, England has been told that it would be a criminal offence to sell thousands of tubes of toothpaste made by a leading French manufacturer simply because the small print giving the firm importing it does not include the letters “UK”. Under cosmetics regulations implementing 25 separate European Union instructions, unless the address is London, which is “a major city”, the letters UK must be added. The suppliers response, when Gordon Rodgers’s A2Z chain asked them to take back the toothpaste, was that this would pose no problem, because trading standards officials elsewhere in Britain do not bother about such fault-finding to a very minute detail. A2Z, which sells a range of more than 10 000 household items from its 14 discount stores in Hull and East Yorkshire, first stumbled into these mysterious requirements of cosmetic labelling when summoned by East Yorkshire trading standards officials on a criminal charge of selling tubes of the same brand of toothpaste, Mentadent, designed for the South African market. These carried the name of a German distributor but no UK supplier. The council had no complaint about the toothpaste itself. It is common and legal practice for supermarkets and discount stores to buy up a wide range of branded products packaged by leading European and American manufacturers for non-EU markets. These can then be sold at prices lower than those recommended for identical products in Europe, which are only more expensive because EU consumers can supposedly afford to pay more. Council officials were quick to point out that they support the contribution this gray economy makes to “healthy competition”. The only problem was that importers’ details must be given by the regulation formula. For a major city such as London only a postcode is necessary, but for other cities and towns the letters UK must be added. When A2Z asked how it was expected to examine the small print on the labelling of each of 10 000 products it carries, East Yorkshire replied that

it was up to the firm to improve the quality of their inspection procedures. A2Z then supplied the council three weeks running with examples of similar products carrying “illegal labelling”, bought from major supermarkets in the same area, asking why these large firms were not also prosecuted. The council said it “did not have the resources” to chase up every case of illegality, to which Mr. Rodgers responded that he “did not have the resources” to improve the quality of their inspection procedures, which the council was asking of him. Last week his firm’s case was adjourned.

41． Why did Gordon Rodgers’s A2Z chain have trouble with East Yorkshire Council?

A．They sold fake product. B．They sold stolen goods.

C．The product they sold was incorrectly labelled. D．They were not licensed to sell this product.

正确答案：C

解析：细节题。本题要求考生识别为什么Gordon Rodgers的A2Z连锁店会和东约克郡地方议会发生麻烦。文章第一段说，这家连锁店被告知，卖这些牙膏是违法的，原因是牙膏上所标的进口公司的名称没有“UK”两个字母。第二段又说，这家连锁店第一次在化妆品标签的要求上碰到麻烦的时候，是因为被控销售为南非市场生产的Mentadent牌牙膏，而这些牙膏没有标明英国供货商的名称。最后一段说了A2Z和地方议会之间的争论，问题集中在如何能检查上万个商品的标签及为什么销售同类带有“不合法标签”的大超市没有受到起诉。由此可见，本题的答案是C他们销售标签标得不正确的产品。D不对，因为能否销售这些产品取决于其标签内容是否合乎要求，而不是是否有销售许可。A和B均不符合文章内容。

42． What was wrong with the toothpaste that A2Z bought? A．Wrong product name. B．Misleading description.

C．Distributor’s name not included in the small print. D．Supplier’s name not given in detail or not included.

正确答案：D 解析：细节题。文章第一段提到，这家连锁店被告知销售这些牙膏是违法的，因为进口公司的名称中没有“UK”两个字母。第二段又提到，A2Z曾经被控销售没有标明英国供货商名称的牙膏。由此可见，答案应该是D。A不对，根据文章第二段，我们知道产品的名称并没有错。B不对，因为文章并没有提到产品说明方面的问题。C不对，根据文章第二段，牙膏上确实标明了德国批发商的名称。

43． Why did the trader buy the toothpaste? A．Customers preferred it. B．It was cheaper.

C．It’s a well-known brand.

D．He couldn’t control the quality of his inspection procedures.

正确答案：B 解析：细节题。文章第二段提到，这种牙膏是为南非市场生产的。第三段说，超市和便宜商店经常购买为非欧盟市场包装的产品，这些产品的售价比为欧洲市场推荐的同类产品的售价低。由此我们可以推断出，贸易商购买这些牙膏是因为其价格便宜，即B所述内容。A不对，它只能是在B的基础上做的进一步推断，所以属于过分推断的错误。C不对，文章没有给我们提供任何根据可以说明这个牌子是个著名品牌。D不对，文章最后一段提到Rodgers先生说他“did not have the resources”to improve the quality of their inspection procedures，那只不过是他对当地议会所做要求的反唇相讥。

44． What does the article tell us about the EU? A．They look after customers’ interests.

B．They are very strict with the labelling of cosmetics. C．They just make work to give themselves a job. D．They protect EU suppliers.

正确答案：B

解析：细节题。根据文中所述，A2Z因为所售商品的标签上少了UK的字样或进口商的名称而违反了欧盟关于化妆品的规定。由此可见，欧盟对化妆品标签的标注是很严格的，所以B为正确选项。根据文章内容，我们得不出“欧盟在保护消费者的利益”这一推论。对消费者来说，进口商是谁并不重要，所以A不对。C说“他们只是在自己给自己找事做”，显然这已经融进了对欧盟细致的规定的极端的个人看法。根据常识，任何的规定都是有其一定的客观必要性的。所以我们不能选C。D说“他们在保护欧盟的供货商”，但这和产品标签必须标明供货商详细名称并无实际上的关系，所以D不对。

45． What can EU regulations cause? A．Additional costs. B．Cheaper products.

C．Availability of a wider range of products. D．Restrictions on supply.

正确答案：A

解析：综合理解题。本题要求考生识别“欧盟的规定可能会造成什么”。根据文章所述，欧盟规定化妆品的标签上应标明进口商的详细名称，包括国名，除非其所在地是像伦敦这样的大城市。由此可见，同一种产品如要在欧盟各国销售，就必须生产不同的包装，由此将带来额外的生产成本，因此A为正确选项。B更便宜的产品，这和以上所做的分析正好相反。C可以买到更多种类的产品，这和产品上是否标明进口商的名称并无关系。D供货受，这属于过分推理的错误，因为供货并没受，只不过多了一个生产环节。

Despite a cooling of the economy, high technology companies are still crying out for skilled workers. The Information Technology Association of America projects that more than 800 000 technology jobs will go unfilled next year. The lack of qualified workers poses a huge threat to the U. S. economy. The most commonly cited reason for this state of affairs is that the country’s agrarian-age education system, separated from the needs of the business world, fails to prepare students in the primary and secondary grades for twenty-first-century work. Yet an inadequate and outmoded education system is only part of the problem. A less tangible but equally powerful cause is an antique classification system that divides the workforce into two camps: white-collar knowledge workers and blue-collar manual laborers. Blue-collar workers emerged in the United States during the Industrial Age as work migrated from farms to factories. White-collar office workers became a significant class in the twentieth century, outnumbering their blue-collar brethren by mid-century. But the white or blue paradigm has clearly outlived its utility. Corporations increasingly require a new layer of knowledge workers a highly skilled multi-disciplinarian who combines the mind of the white-collar worker with the hands of the blue-collar employee. Armed with a solid grounding in mathematics and science (physics, chemistry and biology), these “gold-collar” workers—so named for their contributions to their companies and to the economy, as well as for their personal earning ability—apply that knowledge to technology. Of course, the gold-collar worker already exists in a wide range of jobs across a wide range of businesses; think of the maintenance technician who tests and repairs aircraft systems at American Airlines: the network administrator who manages systems and network operations at P&G: the advanced-manufacturing technician at Intel. But until American business recognizes these people as a new class of worker, one whose collar is neither blue nor white, demands that schools do a better job of preparing employees for the twenty-first-century workforce will be futile. Certainly, polytechnic high schools, colleges, and universities have made heroic efforts to teach workers new skills. But because many people see these initiatives as primarily training blue-collar workers, adequate funds are not invested in such programs, leaving them short of state-of-the-art tools and experienced teachers. And because gold-collar workers need to constantly update their skills to stay current with emerging technology, learning must be a continuous process, one that is funded by companies as well as by taxpayers.

46． According to the passage the lack of qualified workers______. A．makes a cooling of the economy

B．decreases the costs of high technology companies C．emphasizes the importance of unfilled jobs D．hinders the development of U. S. economy

正确答案：D 解析：本题的设计旨在考查考生对第一段细节的理解。第一段最后一句指出：

缺少合格的工人极大地威胁着美国的经济，这正是D项妨碍美国经济发展的意思，所以该项为正确答案。A答案错在，原文第一句话指出：尽管经济形势不好，高科技企业依然迫切需要熟练工人，这是一个转折关系，而不是缺少熟练工人使经济形势不好，这是一个因果关系。B项的内容没有提及。C项错在文章并没有提到空缺的工作职位的重要性，更谈不上强调。

47． From the second paragraph we learn that______.

A．the workforce classification is as serious as the reason of education system B．twenty-first-century work are separated from the needs of the business world C．white-collar worker is only part of the problem of education system D．blue-collar manual laborers are needed in agrarian-aged America

正确答案：A

解析：根据A答案中的关键词workforce classfication，可以把相关信息定位到第二段倒数第一句：一个不太明显但影响同样重要的原因是劳动力划分方法，再回读前文寻找另一个原因：然而，不适当的、陈旧的教育只是一部分原因，由此可以推断出划分方法和教育是同等重要的两个原因，所以A为正确答案。B错在第二段第一句话中separated from the needs of the business world是表语从句的过去分词，其逻辑主语是education system，也就是说，是教育脱离了商业的需要，而不是21世纪的工作，此答案偷换了主语。C答案的错误是同样的，原文是说教育是部分原因，而不是白领工人是教育的部分问题。D项并未提及。

48． It can be inferred that the gold-collar workers differ from white-collar and blue-collar workers in that they______.

A．wear gold-collar working clothes when they are on duty

B．do better in combining their contributions and earning abilities C．grasp the knowledge and engage in labor work as well D．apply the arts knowledge to technology

正确答案：C

解析：文章第三段都在论述金领工人与白领工人和蓝领工人的区别。A的内容并未提及。根据B中的关键词contributions和earning abilities，可在第三段中间找到相关信息：这些金领工人是以对公司和经济所做的贡献和他们个人的工资收入能力，被冠以“金领”工人的名号，而不是说他们更擅长于把贡献和收入更好地结合起来，所以B不对。根据本段第四句话和第五句话：金领工人结合了白领的头脑和蓝领的手艺，把坚实的数理知识应用于技术中，可以推断出金领工人就是既懂得知识，又能用知识劳动的人，正是C答案的内容。D答案错在原文讲到金领工人是应用mathematics and science，而不是arts。

49． To increase the number of gold-collar workers, ______. A．the schools should assume the major responsibilities B．experienced teachers should not be short of current tools

C．the society should consider them as new layer of working classes

D．the taxpayer should pay more money to afford the continuous training

正确答案：C

解析：文章第四段讲述了提高金领工人数量面临的困难，所以反向推断，如果要增加其数目，这些困难就不存在。最后一段指出：除了学校之外，公司和纳税人也应为培训金领工人出力，所以A中的学校承担主要的责任是错误的。根据B答案中的关键词experienced teachers和be short of current tools，查找到相关信息，原文leaving them short of state-of-the-art tools，其中的them指代的是programs，也就是基础培训缺乏工具，而不是教师缺乏工具，偷换了主语，所以B也错误。第四段第一句话指出：除非美国商业界承认这些人是一个新的工人阶层，学校才能更有效地为21世纪的劳动力培养合格人才多做工作，所以C答案就是增加金领工人数量的条件之一。D答案错在原文最后一句说的是纳税人的钱需用于资助这些培训，而不是让纳税人缴纳更多的钱。

50． The best title for the text may be______. A．800 000 Technology Jobs Unfilled B．Gold-collar Workers Needed C．U. S. Economy Threatened

D．Schools Fail to Train Gold-collar Workers

正确答案：B

解析：本文首段的第一句话就提出了文章的主题：极其需要金领工人。第二段论述了金领工人缺乏的原因，第三段讲述了和传统的白领和蓝领工人相比，金领工人的独特特点，最后一段论述了造成金领工人数量发展缓慢的原因，可见B为正确答案。A、C、D均为文章的细节，而非主题。

Part IV Cloze Test (15 minutes, 10 points)Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each numbered blank, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.

The world has never been more closely and intricately connected. Our behavior【C1】______the environment we all share, and we are tied into a global economy and global communication system. 【C2】______choosing to buy one garment rather than another we help determine whether someone on the other side of the world retains or【C3】______their job; emissions from one part of the world contribute to a hole in the ozone layer somewhere else; we can【C4】______with others anywhere via satellites, the Internet and the mobile phone. This interdependency, 【C5】______”connexity”, is the defining characteristic of the world today. However, despite connexity, human beings have also【C6】______been more separate. Belief in individual rights and freedoms is at the heart of the West’s world view. People nowadays insist their freedom to【C7】______how to live, who to love, what to consume and what to believe. In economics, the sovereignty of the consumer and the shareholder is paramount. In politics, the sovereignty of nations

remains a【C8】______concern. In this inspiring and important book Mulgan argues that our freedom and our connectedness are set or collision course and argues that the【C9】______way out of our current impasse(僵局) is to go beyond our sense of ourselves as【C10】______unit, and recognize the webs of mutual responsibility in which we live.

51． 【C1】 A．harms B．influences C．beautifies D．dominates

正确答案：B

解析：根据此句的前后部分，我们可以判断，此处的意思是“我们的行为会影响我们所共有的环境”，因为前后文并未谈及破坏、美化或控制环境的问题。

52． 【C2】 A．At B．In C．By D．Of

正确答案：C

解析：by“靠，用；通过”。此处表示方法、手段。此句的意思是：“通过我们选择买这件而非另外一件衣服，我们在帮助决定地球另一头的人是否继续拥有他们的工作。”

53． 【C3】 A．keeps B．gets C．loses D．gains

正确答案：C

解析：根据题意，此处应选retain的反义词lose。译文见上句。

54． 【C4】 A．link B．connect C．combine

D．communicate

正确答案：D

解析：此处的意思是：“我们可以通过卫星、因特网及移动电话与任何地方的人进行联络。”link常与up，together连用；connect…with强调“连接”，combine…with强调“结合”。

55． 【C5】 A．and B．or C．else D．also

正确答案：B

解析：interdependency和connexity在此处同义，故需用引导同义词或同义短语的or，表示“或者说”，其他词均无此含义。

56． 【C6】 A．ever B．once C．never D．still

正确答案：C 解析：文章第一段阐述世界从未像现在这样紧密地互相联系在一起，第二段阐述尽管世界从未像现在这样紧密地联系在一起，但人类也没有任何时候比现在更。通观全篇文章，此处需填一个表示否定的词。

57． 【C7】 A．select B．adopt C．choose D．adjust

正确答案：C

解析：此处的意思是：“现在人们坚持认为他们有权选择怎样生活。”select是“挑选；选拔”的意思。

58． 【C8】 A．crucial B．social C．curious D．serious

正确答案：A

解析：此句的意思是：“在政治上，国家的主权仍是至关重要的问题。”

59． 【C9】 A．just B．another C．only D．one

正确答案：C 解析：此句的意思是：摆脱我们目前困境的唯一出路是不要把我们自己当作孤立的个体，而要意识到我们处于一个相互承担责任的网络中。just作形容词时是“公正”的意思；用another也不合适，因为前面并没有提到别的出路；one也不和the搭配，所以此处只有选only合适。

60． 【C10】 A．isolated B．isolation C．isolating D．isolate

正确答案：A

解析：此处需填一个形容词，故可排除B和D。另根据句意，此处需填一个过去分词作定语，isolated units表示“孤立的个体”。

Part V Translation (30 minutes, 10 points)Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and put your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.

61． Concern for family values is reducing among younger Japanese as they pursue an inner world of private satisfaction. Data collected by the Japanese government in 1993 show that only 23% of Japanese youth are thinking about supporting their aged parents, in contrast to 63% of young Americans. It appears that many younger-generation Japanese are losing both respect for their parents and a sense of responsibility to the family. Experts attribute the change to Japanese parents’ over-spoiling of their children, material plentifulness, and growing concern for private matters. The shift toward individualism among Japanese is most striking among the very young. According to data provided in 1991, 50% of Japanese youth aged 16 to 19 can be labeled “self-centered”, compared with 33% among those aged 25 to 29. To earn the label, the young people responded positively to such ideas as “I would like to make decisions without considering traditional values” and “I don’t want to do anything I can’t enjoy doing”.

正确答案： 在追求满足个人内心需要的同时，日本年轻一代的家庭价值观日趋减弱。日本于1993年收集的数据显示，只有23％的日本青年愿意奉养年迈的父母，这与美国青年中的63％的比例形成鲜明对比。这表明许多年轻一代的日本人正在丧失对父母的尊重以及对家庭的责任感。专家将这一变化归咎于父母对孩子的纵容溺爱、物质的富有以及对个人事物的关注程度的日益增强。

向个人主义的转变在日本人中尤以青少年最为明显。1991年的数据表明，50％的16岁至19岁的日本青年被归入“自我中心”之列，相比之下，25至29岁年龄段的人中这一比例为33％。之所以被贴上这一标签，是因为对于诸如“我在做决定时不会对传统价值观加以考虑”以及“我不愿做自己不想做的事”等想法，他们均给予了积极的反应。

Part VI Writing (30 minutes, 15 points) 62． You are to write in no less than 120 words about the title “Environment Protection”. You should base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below：(1)当前我们面临着严重的环境问题。(2)造成问题的主要原因是……(3)如何有效解决环境问题。

正确答案： Environment Protection The pollution of environment has been a hot potato for many countries. And it is also true in China. Although the government has taken measures to address the problem, and people are becoming increasingly environment-conscious, the situation is still deteriorating. Each year factories and enterprises are responsible for millions of tons of wastes discharged into the air and water. Consequently, some rivers and lakes have been made fishless; and “red tide” has become an epidemic along the beaches. Soil erosion caused by misuse of the land comes to thousands of square kilometers. And decades of deforestation to expand farmland have brought down the trees, making drought worse and pushing the desert even closer. To clean up the environment, it’s necessary to monitor industry. On the one hand, factories should find out new ways to reuse waste and convert it into useful materials. On the other hand, water discharge and smoke emission must meet the standard set by the government. Moreover, more investment should be made in the “green projects”, such as planting trees and grass, reforesting the land and so on. To sum up, while furthering economic development, we must not ignore environment protection.