高级英语课后答案上册

What Do They Tell Us About OurSelves and Our Society?

课后练习 (Exercises on the text)

A.Answer the following questions on the text:

1.They emphasize the theme of the article and they are appropriate. 2.The author attempts to illustrate that there are completely different ideas about Rock Music between the young people and the adult.

3.Rock music can express its times. He sees it as a debating forum where American society struggles to define and redefine its feelings and beliefs.

4.Elvis managed to embody the frustrated teenage spirit of the 1950s.

5.Bob Dylan spoke of civil rights, the Beatles urged peace and piety, and the Rolling Stones demanded revolution.

6.Apart from politics, the rock music also deals with feelings. 7.They got applause, praise and money.

8.No, he hasn’t. He wants the readers to think it carefully.

B.Translate the following into Chinese:

1.他说：“贾格尔拿着装有半加仑水的罐子沿着舞台前沿跑动，把水洒到前几 排狂热的观众身上。

2.你如何看待这种赞美和英雄崇拜？

3.你是不是莫名其妙地被这个怪异的小丑所吸引，因为他表现出你最疯狂的幻 想。

4.一些社会学家认为你对这些问题的回答很能说明你在想些什么，你的社会在 想些什么。换句话说，就是可以说明你和社会的态度。

5.只不过是艾尔维斯设法体现了50年代青少年那种失落的精神风貌。 6.感情，作为任何音乐形式的一个组成部分，是个永恒的主题。

7.这一乡村气息，赫罗威次感到，帮助听众表达了一种“逃避现实”，“重归 往昔”的愿望。

8.在1972年进行的一次全国性调查中，有10％以上的高中男生和20％以上

的女生把摇滚巨星视为自己的偶像。

C.Fill in the blanks in each sentence with the best word or expression from the box below, changing its for when necessary. 1. embodied 2. act out 3. sprinkled 4. sweltering 5. idle 6. rejected 7. rather than 8. Reverence

D.Choose the right word or expression in the brackets to complete each of the following sentences 1. debating 2. proud

3. mix, blend 4. conceive 5. were dressed 6. idealistic 7. admiration 8. rumbling

E.Explain the underlined words in English 1. disgusting,

2. The editor wrote against him. 3. the confusion of the old people 4. stress on peace and piety

5. the poems praise the simple joys of life 6. reflect feelings and benefits

7. a place where various ideas are confronted and noisily debated 8. other successful rock stars recently

F.Translate the following into English

Rock music began in America in the late 1950' s. It was not only a new musical form,but a debating forum for the American youth to express their ideas of the world and life.In this forum, the stars sang out the attitudes of the youth towards civil rights, war arid

peace, the disaffection of their society, and a range of emotions between love and hate. All in all, in this forum,the American youth redefined the beliefs and feelings of their society. The typical representatives of the early rock music were Elvis Presley, singer and poet Bob Dylan, the Beatles, the Rolling Stones and so on. They were the culture heroes whom the young people worshipped.

G.Write a short passage

I agree that rock is the music of the teenage rebellion. First, rock music turns out to be a great attraction mainly to the teenagers rather than to the adults. The super rock star, Elvis Presley was praised and applauded by the younger generation, while he was criticized by editorials, banned by TV networks and refused by the older generation. Second, the rock music was adored and even worshiped mainly by the teenagers rather than by adults. Alice Cooper's ending of his act by pretending to end his life with a guillotine was considered marvelous by a young girl dressed in black.Fourteen-year-old Mike Perlie went to attend the rock concert, while his parents didn't,who thought Alice Cooper was sick and find it hard to bear his singing. According to one national opinion poll conducted in 1972, more than 10% of high school boys and 20% of the girls regarded a super rock Star as their hero.

Four Choices for Young Peopls

课后练习 (Exercises on the text)

A.

1. They think that the world is in pretty much of a mess, full of injustice, poverty, and war.

2. \"Drop out\" means rejecting conventional social values and withdrawing from social responsibilities. The drupouts lead a parasitic way of life because they batten on the society and in which they take no responsibility.

3. Unlike the dropouts, they are willing to support themselves and to contribute something to the general community.

4. Because our planet is running Out of noble savages and unsullied

landscapes.

5. Those who have no patience with the tedious workings of the democratic process or who believe that basic institutions can only be changed by force.

6. Because they lived, in bitter disillusionment, to see the establishment they had overthrown replaced by a new one, just as hard-faced and stuffy.

7. Such as problems of racial justice, of keeping cities from becoming uninhabitable, of coping with war in unfamiliar guises and of population explosion.

8. The fourth alternative is to try to change the world gradually, one clod at a time. The author favors this alternative because it sometimes brings about the desired result. B.

1．很显然他所说的代表了许多同龄人的想法。

2．在过去的几年中，戏听到过许多大学内外的年轻人的谈话，对于成人世界， 他们也有同感。

3．他们愿意自食其力，并对社会大众做些贡献。他们不喜欢文明的环境，也就 是说，不喜欢那种丑恶、紧张的城市生活。 4．一些极富有的乡绅可以回到农村的田园生活。

5．对他们来说，这有一种传奇的色彩，通常是以某个有闯劲、魁力超凡的人物 为代表。

6．即使成功，他们胜利的曙光也从未照耀在他们梦想的，清除了人类一切 卑鄙行经的灿烂的新世界上。

7．的机器、无论贴上什么样的政治标签，还得由市场销售，卫生工程、官 僚机构的行家们来操作，而不是由那些极端的浪漫主义者们去操作。

8．这种方法的唯一优点是，它有时真的有效，——在一个特定的时间和地点， 与其他可选的策略相比，它可以改善世界上一些倒行逆施的行为。 C.

1. satisfying 2. cleansed 3. symbolize 4. ran out of 5. striking 6. insoluble 7. disappointed

8. virtually D.

1. glance 2. relative 3. exasperated 4. noisome 5. inhabited 6. cluttered 7. ideal 8. appeal E.

1. were just as nervous about the American society' .run by adults 2. they are not the person supported by society and gtvirig it nothing in return.

3. also has its practitioners in the old days 4. all its unpleasant and nervous things

5. their victory never begins to grow light on the sliming new world 6. this strategy is not attractive at all

7. putting right some of the world's extreme violence or cruelty than any other strategy can be found .

8. another one appears great just before you. F.

The American young people in the 1960's belonged to a rebellious generation. They saw that America, the affluent society was full of poverty, inequality and hypocrisy.They didn't believe in this adult world which did not belong to them, and refused to follow its beliefs and values. Many young people took active part in the wars against poverty, against racial discrimination and against Vietnam War.Some young people even attempted to overthrow the establishment by force.While many other young people expressed their disaffection in a passive way, and they. used drugs, lived a parasitic life without taking any responsibility in society, or escaped to the unspoiled country to live a rather primitive communal life. G.

The fourth choice for young people to make is to try to change the world gradually,one clod at a time.I agree with the author that this alternative lacks attraction at first glance. It promises no

quick results and has to rely on the annoying and uncertain persuasion from agents and democratic decision making. It requires patience, which people are always short of.But in a particular time and place it does work. It is more likely to overcome some of the social problems than any other available choice.As we know, one has to lead a rather undignified life,if he makes the choice to drop out to live a parasitic life.It's no longer practical if one chooses to

flee and to have a more primitive way of life.And those in favor of armed revolution are destined to feel disappointed whether they succeed or not. Since revolution can not eventually bring forth a bright future they dreamed of. What I disagree with the author is that in a particular time and place — only an armed revolution can

work which has been evidenced by the May-Forth Movement against the feudal system in the 1920s. And it's also evidenced by the Anti-- Japanese War in the 1940s.

The Use of Force

By William Carlos Williams

课后练习 (Exercises on the text)

A.

1. Because it was very damp sometimes and it was warm in the kitchen. 2. Because they were all very nervous.

3. She kept the doctor from knowing her secret—her illness.

4. Because the doctor had to make sure whether the girl had caught diphtheria.

5. Because she reduced it to splinters.

6. He forced the heavy silver spoon back of her teeth and down her throat till she gagged. Thus he got to see her throat.

7. Yes, the girl's physical beauty made a contrast with her stupid behavior of not letting the doctor look her over.

8. Generally speaking, he is right/hut lie may try to persuade tlie girl to obey him in a mild way. B.

1．我到她家时先遇到她的母亲，她一副惊讶、害怕的表情。她穿着很干净，只 是礼貌地说，您是医生吗？就让我进去了。

2．他试图站起来，我示意他不要麻烦，脱去外套，开始检查。

3．像往常一样，在这种情况下，他们不会告诉我更多情况，而是理应由我来告 诉他们。

4．我尽量露出我的职业微笑，询问小女孩的名字。我说，过来，玛蒂尔…… 5．此时我已厌恶地咬牙切齿，要不是他们使用“伤害”这个词，我可能早就采 取行动了。

6．在接下来的斗争中，他们变得越来越可怜，被制服，甚至精疲力竭，而小女 孩由于害怕我而产生的狂怒却达到了顶点。

7．她的嘴张开了一下，我还没来的及看清楚，她又闭上了嘴，紧紧地用臼齿咬 住木压舌板。我还没来的及将它拔出，她已把它咬成了碎片。

8．那个可恶的小家伙很愚蠢，但我应当保护她，此时我对自己这样说。 C.

1. apprehension 2. terrifying 3. overpowering 4. contemptible 5. motioned 6. profusion 7.ensuing 8. coax D.

1. terrifyingly 2. coaxed

3. contemptible 4. apprehension 5. apology 6. terrifying 7. desist

8. admonished

E.

1. guilty

2. it's my responsibility

3. there's been a lot people who fell sick around here 4. nothing has been done 5. in view of the possibility

6. we continue to do this (examine her throat) till very end 7. became, irrational .

8. the pleasure to attack her

F.

Mathilda had been; ill for, three days, Her mother gave her some medicine, but it did no good, so a doctor had to be sent for. Because there had. been, a number of cages of diphtheria in the school to which Mathilda went and two children died of it, the doctor wanted to look her throat over first after he arrived at the

Olson's. She wouldn't open her mouth no matter how he coaxed her, then the doctor had to get the tongue depressor into her mouth, but Mathilda should reduced it to splinters.To protect Mathilda herself and other children, the doctor must find out whether she had caught diphtheria, so that he. could, give her timely treatment. Then he told Mathilda's father to hold both her wrists while he himself opened her mouth up with effort and found that she did catch diphtheria. The story reminds us of such a thing: some of the things in life can't be done by one's willingness and in some cases, using certain force seems essential. G.

The doctor thought the symptom of the girl was like that of diphtheria, and it happened that there were a number of cases of diphtheria in the school where the girl was in. So the doctor tried to coax to open her mouth. He took many ways, e.g., telling her terrible result of diphtheria, requiring her to go to hospital, which she was very afraid of etc, but she did not cooperate with him. Finally, his social responsibility, his authority as a doctor and the strategy to his respect forced him to open her mouth to see her throat by force. I think the doctor's behavior is right,because in reality it is necessary to use force to do something in certain

circumstances in which voluntary isn't enough.

Die as You Choose

课后练习 (Exercises on the text)

A.

1. Yes, it is.

2. Because euthanasia is condemned by the medical establishment. 3. Passive euthanasia--letting patients die; Active euthanasia- killing. They make some difference, but in some cases, active euthanasia is better than passive euthanasia when medical treatment has become meaningless.

4. It is a statement written by a person in the state of sound mind which says what measures should be taken and whether should be treated when he suffers from incurable disease.

5. Yes, Hippocrats explicitly ruled out euthanasia in his oath for doctors, but most ancient Greek doctors and thinkers disagreed with his ban. By presenting this, the author wanted to tell the reader; even those people had the courage to disagree with Hippocrates' ban, why can't we support euthanasia today? 6. It might pose dangers for society by setting a precedent for killing.

7. Because opposition was too fierce because of the shadow of the past.

8. The author thinks the patient is entitled to determine his own death and he tends to favor euthanasia.

B.

1．现在迫切需要制定有关安乐死的法律。

2．在荷兰，安乐死已被医疗机构接受，并于每年公开实施数千次。 3．这场有关安乐死的辩论将持续到秋天，直到加利福尼亚人投票表决了一项 提议，使安乐死合法化。

4．许多人认为用所能使用的医疗科技来延长死亡前的痛苦是悲哀的、不高尚 的、可怕的。

5．这种主动实施与被动使用安乐死的区别还能维持多长时间呢？

6．如果他使用足够数量的止痛片来为其实施安乐死就有错了吗？医生采取行 动，就应当受到谴责吗？

7．这不是一种巧合，当时荷兰医生就英勇反抗用人体做医学试验。 8．不间断提倡思想和行动自由的国家对主动实施安乐死进行性规定，就 没有什么可担心的了。 C.

1. dodged 2. intrude 3. withhold 4. ushered 5. legalize 6. precedent 7. credible 8. arguable D.

1. dodge 2. drowned out 3. intruding 4. omission 5. oath 6. withholding 7. arguable 8. credible E.

1. mercifully easy and painless death for persons suffering from an incurable and painful disease, esp. the doctor let the patients die oh their own request 2. resulting in arguments

3. something that religion or custom regards as forbidden 4. everything could be used or done 5. creating an earlier example of killing 6. those who are too modest and scrupulous 7. polemical, arguable 8. support, be in favour of F.

The need for laws on euthana sia, can't be dodged for much longer.

Euthanasia is a taboo in most countries. In these countries doctors can only practise it secretly. But it is openly practised in. some countries, such as Holland. Right now more and more countries are going over me arguments about legalizing euthanasia.

When a patient suffers from illness for a long time and there is no hope of curing it,why do we let him prolong the throes? Why can't we practise euthanasia to stop the throes?

But if we legalize euthanasia,there will be a danger. Someone may use it for killing. AH in all, euthanasia is the question we can't dodge. G.

Euthanasia is a problem discussed for a long time. There are two attitudes in the world at present. How is euthanasia handled in different countries?

Holland, which has rules for euthanasia and so can police it effectively. In Holland, mercy - killing is accepted by the medical establishment and openly practiced a few thousand times each year. They think one of a doctor's duties is to prevent suffering, sometimes that is all there is left for him to do, and killing is the only way to do it.

In the most countries, euthanasia is condemned by the medical establishment, secretly practiced many times more often, and almost never comes to light, in America, Britain and many other countries. They believe that the time of death is appointed by God and that no man should put the clock back on another. But now most American States have 'living -will' legislation that protects doctors from prosecution if they do not try to save someone who has said he does not want life prolonged.

But now if euthanasia is legalized how long can the distinction between killing and letting death hold out? The legal framework for

euthanasia, permits a doctor to comply with dying man's request in a prescribed set of circumstance. But this will make someone use it to kill the others. So whether euthanasia should be legalized is a problem which has been discussed for a long time.

I'd Rather Be Black than Female

By Shirley Chisholm

课后练习 (Exercises on the text)

A.

1. She is the first black woman elected to Congress.

2. Because part of the problem is that women in America are much more brainwashed and content with their roles as second-class citizens than blacks ever were.

3. women do most of the tedious work; while men reap the rewards. 4. A very important statistic.

5. They are invariably paid less than a man for the same job.

6. Women predominate in the lower-paying, menial 4 unrewarding, dead-end jobs.

7. She is determined to help solve the problems of children, of military spending, of racial prejudice, of laws against unfair housing and unfair employment practices.

8. They are of empathy, tolerance, insight, patience, and persistence. These are the qualities women naturally have.

B.

1．我是第一个克服这两个不利因素的人。 2．美国白人一一一包括那些自认为开明的自由主义者——需要很多年的时间来发

现，并消除他们所有的种族主义态度。

3．在这样的职位中。她们可能会获得几次免费参加抑或全国会议，或民主党和共

和党各自召开的全国代表大会。她们所做的也只是按照男的方式投一样的

票。

4．当一位聪明的女学生毕业后开始找工作时，为什么第一个问题总是：“你会打

字吗？”

5．每一次我试图再上一个新台阶时，许多人会劝我回到妇女的职业，做一名教

师，把政治留给男人。

6．但直到这些发生——我们知道这不是今年或朋年的事——因此我们所要做的是

要更多的妇女进人政界，因为我们对此有特殊贡献。

7．妇女善解人意、宽容，具有很强的洞察力、耐心和毅力——这些都是我们与生

俱来或由于受男人的压制而形成的品质，女人能把这些品质带到中来。 8．目前，我们的国家也许在政治上比其他任何领域更需要女人的理想主义和决心。

C.

1. makes the difference 2. phenomena 3. menial 4. prejudice 5. separate 6. predominate 7. rather than 8. thought of D.

1. incredulous 2. tune tone 3. empathy 4. vacation 5. contented 6. illuminated 7. persistence 8. morale

E.

1. being a black man is much less disadvantageous than being a woman 2. Woman in America are much more forced to accept some beliefs 3. destiny

4. People who offer to do something 5. When I tried to escape that role

6. 1 faced the hostility which wasn't covered up

7. 1 was talking ... about, a young woman who is seeming likely to succeed as a candidate

8. the law ... was put into effect instead of being, kept out of the way.

F.

American women contributed a lot to the development of the society but they have been suffering from sexual discrimination of all kinds- In politics, they have done all the tedious details that make the difference between victory and defeat on election day, while men reaped the rewards. Economically, women predominate in the

lower-paying, dead-end jobs and they are invariably paid less than a man for the same job. Many Americans don’t think it is prejudice against women, but say that it is just the division of labor. And many American women are content with their role as second-class citizen. So according to the author, it will be a long and hard struggle for women to gain the real equality.

G.

In the U. S., there is a strong prejudice against women. But it will be much harder to eliminate the prejudice. It will be a longer struggle. That there is prejudice against women is an idea that still strikes nearly all men as bizarre. And part of the problem is that

women in America are much more brainwashed and content with their roles as second-class citizens than blacks ever were. Nevertheless, women have many special qualities that the country needs. It is women who can bring empathy, tolerance, insight, patience, and persistence to the government. The women of a nation mold its morals, its religion, and its politics by the lives they live. At present, the country needs women's idealism and determination, perhaps more in politics than anywhere else. What the country needs is more women in politics, because they have a very special contribution to make.

A Good Chance

by Elizabeth Cook-Lynn

课后练习 (Exercises on the text)

A.

1. \"I\" is a friend of Magpie, tine narrator of the story. '

2. Because she wanted to tell him the good 'news and let him make a decision for himself.

3. He got into trouble during the protest, then was put in jail and he was on parole when the narrator came to find him.

4. No, She didn't. She thought that Magpie no longer needed that. 5. Salina thought that Magpie had a right to know about the chance. 6. The patrolmen in it were watching all the people connected with Magpie.

7. Yes. He did. The narrator said that Magpie, could find a kind of satisfying isolation at the university and Elgie agreed with her at last.

8. There was injustice in the American society at that time.

B.

1．在他反对，反对美国印第安人委员会时，他变得越来越可怕，充满怨

恨，我也为他担心。

2．好吧，你愿意怎么想就怎么想吧，但你最近和他谈过吗？你知道他现在的

状况吗？

3．如果像你所说的他是一名印第安人，不管这是什么意思，如果他亲口对我 说他这次只是回来呆在这儿，我也不再劝他了。

4．一辆警车缓慢地驶向我们停车的拐角处，巡警目不转睛地盯着我们三个人，

我们假装没注意到。

5．我想你来的正好润为在这种不间断的监视、检查之下，喜鹊需要一些宽慰。

6．“还有件事”，埃尔吉继续说：“喜鹊不应该在那儿，明白吗？因为假释 的条件之一就是他应该远离他的朋友、亲戚和以前的同谋罪犯，甚至不能 见任何人。

7．但是一片寂静笼罩着整座房子，我感到有些忧虑。当我们走进敞着的后门

时，看到许多人站在厨房里。

8．我用手紧紧握着他的诗，两个拇指使劲按压平滑的纸板文件夹。

C.

1. hesitant 2. whereabouts 3. segregate

4. tentative 5. clicks

6. noncommittally 7. intently 8. agitation

D.

1.segregated 2.embittered 3. incredible 4. noncommittal 5. unrealistic 6. intently 7. hesitant 8. scoffed

E.

1. abandoned me

2. threatening: and .discontented 3. understand 4. know

5. got disturbed

6. moved by inches along 7. not clear about

8. some unworthy man who likes inspecting others

F.

I was very pleased when I knew that a university in California gave Magpie the scholarship, and he could go to the Fine Arts School of it. I knew that he had been meaning to be a poet and he had such talent. It was a good chance for him. So I went back to Crow Creek to tell him the good news and get him to fill out some papers. Magpie was not home and his wife said they hadn't been together for a while and she only heard he's in Chamberlain. Then 1 went to Salina and asked her to help me. Salina said that Magpie had changed a lot since he was arrested and put in jail, and she thought that he was no longer interested in going to the university of the whites'. But 1 said Magpie had a right to know about it and he should make a decision for himself. She agreed and went with me to find Elgie, Magpie's good friend. But finally when I was about

to see Magpie, he had already been shot by the policeman.

G.

The people in the story think of Magpie's opportunity of going to study in the university differently. Each has his or her own ideas. Amelia, Magpie's wife, doesn't think Magpie will go to California- He will never leave here even if he is told the news. According to

Amelia, Magpie is happy now, finally. He is in good spirits, handsome and free and strong. He sits at the drum and sings with his brothers: he's okay now. Then the narrator goes to Salina for help. Salina says

Magpie does not have those worthless, shitty dreams anymore. According to Elgie, the good friend of Magpie's, Magpie has changed and is for complete separation, segregation and total isolation from the whites. He agrees with the narrator's points: it's a chance for him to study, to write, and he can find a kind of satisfying isolation in that. The narrator is delighted to learn the news. She thinks that Magpie is interested and he has such talent, so this is a good chance for him.

Miss Brill

by Katherin Mansfield

课后练习 (Exercises on the text)

A.

1. It was brilliantly fine.

2. She loved it and called it \"dear little thing\". 3. Because the Season had begun.

4. Because she always looked forward to the conversation.

5. She felt that there was something funny about nearly all of them. They were odd, silent, nearly all old.

6. She most probably was a prostitute. Because the man was very rude to her and she was not offended. 7. They were all on stage.

8. She taught English to pupils and accompanied an old man. 9. Because what the boy and girl said hurt her feeling. 10. She felt very sad.

B.

1．湛蓝的天空金光灿烂，大片大片的阳光犹如白葡萄酒倾洒在公园，虽然天气

晴朗，阳光明媚，布里尔小姐还是很高兴自己决定围这条毛皮围巾。 2．就像一个人只为家人演出，而没有其他人在场，怎么演奏也无所谓。 3．有时一个蹒跚学步的小孩突然从树底下摇摇晃晃地走出来，停下看看，突 然“扑通”一声坐在地上，其娇小的妈妈高抬脚步，像只母鸡一样跑过来， 一边责备他，一边将他扶起。

4．但是乐队好像知道她的感受，演奏的更轻松、更柔和，鼓声一遍又一遍地敲

出“畜牲！畜牲！”

5．他抬起衰老的头，一双老眼中闪出两个光点。

6．她也会加入。那些坐在长凳上的其他人——他们也会加人进来，一起合唱—

—低声唱，音调平缓，很好听的一一很动人的。

7．如果有杏仁。就像带回家一件小礼物，—份惊奇，一件本来可能不在那儿的

东西。

8．有杏仁的星期日，她精神抖擞地赶回家，迅速地划根火柴，准备烧开水。

C.

1. flapped 2. clasping 3. swooping 4. scraped 5. get used to 6. strode 7. drifted 8. rescued

D.

1. got used to 2. splash 3. waved 4. swooped 5. rescue 6. rubbing 7. scrubbed 8. made a point

E.

1. she had chosen to wear her fur neckpiece. 2. And she'd talked the whole time

3. with the rhythm of the music and was almost knocked over by four girls walking side by side

4. regarded it necessary to leave home

5. she should keep her silly old face at home 6. Sunday pleasure

7. the Sundays when she bought a slice of cake with an almond in it 8. she went forward without entering the baker's

F.

Miss Brill was an Englishwoman who was old and poor and lived in a seaside city in France. She went to the park every Sunday afternoon, and she always sat on the same bench, listening to the conversation around her, or watching other people's life going on before her eyes. That Sunday afternoon, she came up with a feeling that she herself was a part of the whole company. She felt that life was like a play and she had her own part. Then her feeling of loneliness began to leave away from her. Just at that moment she heard the young couple speaking of her in despise, and the young man even whispered to let her go away. The short feeling of happiness disappeared, and she came back home with a broken heart.

G.

Miss Brill was British who lived in France. She made a living by teaching children English and taking care of an old man. To get away the feeling of loneliness, she went to garden every Sunday afternoon. There she sat on a seat listening to the conversations of others or observing the people around her. A particular Sunday afternoon, she had a strange feeling. She became an actress and play a part in the play around her. She imagined that others all paid attention of her, even the old gentleman she took care of. She was intoxicated in it. But just at that time, a pair of youth couldn't show love to each other only because of her. Then they talked about her scornfully. She heard that and wanted back to the realization that she was so disgusting. She put away the fur she always put on and tasted her broken heart herself.

A Lesson in Living

by Maya Angelou

课后练习 (Exercises on the text)

A.

1. Maybe she did.

2. Because Momma might have asked her to help Marguerite. Mrs. Flowers asked Marguerite to carry her provisions to her house and she gave her a lesson in living. 3. She had a talk with Marguerite.

4. She meant that Marguerite shouldn't tolerate ignorance because it was the consequence of not studying and she should understand illiteracy because they were deprived of education owning to their poverty.

5. Yes, she was. Her problem was that she could scarcely talk in class.

6. No, she wasn't. She was quiet because of her unpleasant experience. 7. Because she really wanted to help her. , 8. By her talking and reading. .

9. Mrs. Flowers threw her the first lifeline. 10. No, they weren't.

B.

1．她的皮肤黝黑，如果被尖锐的东西弄破，就会像李子皮一样剥落下来。 2．如果是另一位与她健康状况。年龄相仿的黑人妇女，就会自己把装好东西的

纸袋拿回家去。

3．弗劳尔斯夫人走在前边，摆动双臂，小心地躲开石头。 4．词的含义不止写在纸上的那些。

5．人的声音可以赋予它们更加深刻的含义。

6．她建议我尽量用不同的方法大声朗读同一个句子。 7．在我看来她期待我的回答。

8．她说这些质朴无华的话语表达了一代又一代人的集体智慧。

C.

1. ruffled 2. singled out 3. let alone 4. infused 5. memorize 6. the measure of 7. intolerant 8. cascade

D.

1. memorize 2. intolerant 3. infuse 4. common 5. intimate 6. occurred 7. respectful 8. separate

E.

1. gave me the first thing on which my life depended 2. fill

3. was necessarily true 4. how important it was 5. I had the idea 6. selected me

7. conceive a liking for

F.

Man created language and made it a way of communicating with his fellow man. One of the differences between oral language and written language is that oral language takes the human voice to infuse words with the shades of deeper meaning. Mrs., Flowers read A Tale of Two City so nicely that she seemed to be singing. From her reading I felt the wonder of language. Mrs. Flowers gave me some novels and poems. From these books 1 learned the worth of life, and realized how beautiful the language of literature was. G.

Mrs. Flowers did a lot to teach Marguerite the important lesson in living. Mrs. Flowers told her many logical,

reasonable, and practical things, though some of them were quite new and abstract to her. She said language is man's way of communicating with his fellow man and it is language alone which separates him from the lower animals. Words mean more than what is set down on paper. It takes the human voice to infuse them with the shades of deeper meaning. She also said Marguerite must always be intolerant of ignorance but understanding of illiteracy. All this, no doubt, helped to

enlarge Marguerite's scope of thinking and knowledge. Mrs Flowers did something to influence her. She intentionally invited

Marguerite for cookies and lemonade so that they could have a chat. As Marguerite was eating, Mrs. Flower began the lesson, and encouraged her to listen carefully to what country people called mother wit. After eating cookies, the novel A Tale of Two Cities was brought out and she read to her like reading poetry. Mrs. Flowers also asked her to recite a poem next time. All these acts did influence Marguerite a lot. In making the cookies and reading the novels, Mrs. Flowers appeared to be so skillful, gentle, kind, modest and she paid much attention to some details. To Marguerite, Mrs. Flowers was a real

gentlewoman and remained the measure of what a human being can be. Thus, Marguerite was guided out of a dead alley into a world of knowledge and enlightenment.

The Trouble with Television

A Prominent anchorman warns of TV's adverse effect on america's culture

by Rober MacNeil

课后练习 (Exercises on the text)

A .

1. Because watching TV needs no effort.

2. In those hours one could have learned enough to become an astronomer or engineer. One could have learned several languages fluently. One could be reading Homer in the original Greek or

Dostoyevsky in Russian. One could have walked around the world and written a book about it.

3. It encourages viewers to apply no effort. It sells them instant gratification. It diverts them only to divert, to make the lime pass without pain.

4. Because capturing and holding the viewer's attention is the prime motive of most television programming and enhances its role as a profitable advertising vehicle.

5. The practice of news, in his view, results in inefficient communication.

6. Because what television tends to cultivate: is that complexity must be avoid, that visual stimulation is, a substitute for bought, that verbal precision is an anachronism.

7. Because everything about this nation has become more complex, not less. Yet television sells neat resolutions to human problems that usually have no neat resolutions.

8. He hopes people will join him in resisting TV's adverse effect on America's culture.

B .

1．美国人所做的，比看电视花费更长时间的只是工作和睡觉。

2．几乎所有生活中有趣的和有益的事都需要建设性的和不懈的努力。 3．我们当中最笨的、最没有天赋的人所能做成的事情，在那些从不集中精 神做任何事情的人看来筒直就是奇迹。

4．它已成为一种很时髦的想法，就像快餐一样，速成观念正是走入高速活 动的、急躁不安的公众的方法。

5．这可能有些过时，但我所受的教育是，思想是准确语法排列的语言。 6．尽管我还不会简单到认为电视是造成这一现象的主要原因，但我认为它 起了一定的作用，有一定的影响。

7．以前什么时候把整个国家都交给新闻媒体了呢？，

8．如果我错了，用怀疑和批判的眼光来看这件事，考虑如何抵制它、也不 会有什么害处。

C .

1. exposed 2.iodiveri 3. evade

4. Statistically speaking 5. anachronism 6. assumption

7. stimulus 8. skeptical

D .

1. divided 2. mysterious 3. obtainable 4.prominent 5. enhance 6. dismissable 7. accompanied 8. adverse

E .

1. is on a never-ending journey led by a guide

2. wrongfully lakes one of the highly valued natural abilities of human

3. not to injure the attention of anyone by using it too much 4. the careless ideas that television lends to develop 5. awesome TV creators

6. the technique is against coherence

7. I would not be so simple-minded as to believe

8. Literacy may not be a human right that cannot be given away or taken away.

F .

Man's alien! ion span is very short- In order to capture a

viewer's attention, television must provide constant stimulation through variety, novelty, action and movement. In doing so, news is rather short, and it results in inefficient communication; much of the news is like \"machine-gunning with scraps\ the coherence of thought. The TV's appeal to the short attention span is decivilizing as well. Avoiding complexity means sacrificing thought. Among adult Americans, there are more and more

\"functionally illiterate\" people, who even cannot answer the want ad or understand the instructions on a medicine bottle. At least, TV is partly responsible for this. Television, since its first

prevalence over radio in the 1950s, has played a more and more important role in people's lives. Some are of the opinion that TV is enlightening. It has become so much a part of human life that a

modern world without television is unimaginable. But I, on the other hand, argue against TV. I think TV's disadvantages outweigh its advantages. I want to draw your attention to the fact that television is decivilising. In the first place, watching TV takes

too much of our time. Children rush to TV immediately after school. Some people sit in front of TV all day long. In this way, reading is entirely ignored. Do you remember the days when we had no TV? We read stories, listened to radio programs from which we benefited a lot. I dare say that the generation accompanied by TV will be less literate. In the second place, watching TV doesn't involve much thinking. When we take up reading, we need to think and imagine before we can thoroughly understand the writer. However, when we watch TV, what we have to do is to open our eyes and enjoy whatever is shown. Little by little we will become slow in thinking.

The Tenth Man

by Graham Greene

课后练习 (Exercises on the text)

A

1. In a cell in France which was occupied by German troops. 2. They were killed by Frenchmen.

3. To kill one Frenchman in every ten in that camp. 4. No, they didn't. 5. To draw lots.

6.They were Voisin, Lenoire and Chavel.

7. Voisin and Lenoire accepted them quietly, but Chavel cried. 8. He decided to give a hundred thousand francs to anyone who would take his slip.

B .

1．他讲话很突然，想给人一种气力很足的印象，而实际上没有丝毫气度。 2．老职员牺牲了一封家里来信，开始准备签。 3．他们把这些纸条在地上混合起来，放入鞋中。 4．任何人都不能用得救的喜悦来戏弄那要死的人。 5．当第十个人抽完后，一种怨恨感困扰着他。

6．尽管他抽到死签的可能性是15比1，对他极为有利，此时查维尔没有感到

一点儿高兴。

7．从那时开始，死签对于查维尔来说越来越可怕，越来越不可避免。

8．他从鞋中抽出一张，感到这张是他的同伴的意志强加给他的，带有铅笔划 的叉，又把它扔了回去，抓了另一张。

C .

1. deluding 2. odds

3. summed up 4. implored

5. compassionate 6. legible 7. daunted 8. beforehand

D .

1. allotment 2. contemptuous 3. even 4. legible 5. shameful 6. abrupt 7. grievances 8. daunted

E .

1. our soldiers

2. not caring for which three of you to die 3. duty for caring for their families

4. adapting a wrong method to decide who has to die 5. the last chance to gamble

6. feeling of something pressing him

7. connect the fear of death with his behavior

F .

One night, two Germans were killed by Frenchmen. The next day a German officer announced to 30 French prisoners: \"My orders are that one man in every ten shall be shot tomorrow. We are quite indifferent as to which three. You can choose for yourselves. \"

The prisoners had a heated argument as to who should die. Someone said the oldest should go first, and it's the way of nature.

Someone said the unmarried should go first, because they had no family responsibilities. At last, all agreed to draw lots lo

decide which three to die. A wealthy lawyer unfortunately drew the death slip. He said: \"I'll give a hundred thousand francs to anyone who'll take this slip. \"

G .

One night, two German officers were murdered. The next day, a German officer came to the cell where 30 Frenchmen were

imprisoned. He ordered that one man in every ten should be shot. That is to say,' 3 would be shot. Then he continued to say that the Frenchmen could choose for themselves. After that, there was a heated, argument among the Frenchmen as to who should die. Someone said that the eldest should, because it was the way of nature. Someone else said that the unmarried should, because they had no family responsibilities. Finally, all agreed to draw lots. Whoever drew the death lot should be shot. Unfortunately, a lorry driver got a death lot. Then the same thing happened to Lenoire, an elderly clerk. But both of them accepted all this calmly. In the end, a rich lawyer drew a death lot. He was so frightened that he offered 100, 000 francs to whoever would take the lot.

On Getting Off to Sleep

by J.B. Priestley

课后练习 (Exercises on the text)

A.

1. The author thinks that humor: can save grace of us and weshould die of vexation without it. 2.Yea. 3.No. . 4. No. 5. No.

6. The author thinks that the matter of sleep can best illustrate the contrariness of things.

7. He can do anything but sleep when he lies between the

sheets at a late hour.

8. The author thinks that the best way of inducing sleep is to imagine a dialogue with a friend, whose task ,without anything like fancy and wit, is boring.

B.

1．人是一个矛盾的集合体！

2．我们的思想和头脑中的意象是完全有形的东西。

3．我过去常常怀着惊奇的心情去读那些吹捧好战的超人的故事…… 4．人为的催眠法有很多，但都不灵。

5．当她的大脑对这种单调的生活感到厌倦时，睡眠自然就会来。 6．她最喜欢的方法就是想象一幅画在墙上没挂正，她去把它弄正。 7．但是我还没有放弃寻找加快睡眠的方法。

8. 今天晚上，我就要抛弃诸如数跳羊和扶歪画之类的想象。

C.

1. clenched 2. refreshed 3. straighten 4. remonstrated 5. of no avail 6. eventual 7. meditated 8. inhuman

D.

1. contradiction 2. dim

3. tormented 4. induces 5. meditated 6. literal 7. imaginary 8. crooked

E.

1. the opposites in a contradiction 2. go on shilly-shally

3 .inconsistent provocation 4. come in continuous crowds

5. coming out

6. considering these words to be true, I would do according to the fables. 7. protest 8.lulling

F.

Someone will sleep as soon as his head touches the pillow. Someone will pass hours in sleeplessness in bed. The very act of concentration makes him more wakeful than ever. 1 belong to the latter. I die of sleepiness when I write. But when I get into bed, 1 can do anything but sleep. I can compose grand symphonies, paint magnificent pictures and write wonderful articles. The artificial ways of inducing sleep are legion but are only alike in their ineffectuality. When 1 can't sleep at night, I imagine a dialogue with an imaginary friend till 1 either laugh or fall asleep. I find that it answers to induce sleep.

G.

In this essay, sleeplessness is talked about ironically.

Therefore, touches of humour and exaggerations can be seen here and there. For instance, \"… stare at the reproachfully blank paper…\ inconsistency …\" Reading these, the audience can' t help laughing. In the mean time, the author's meaning is forcefully conveyed. One example will suffice to show that the author is a master of exaggeration. In the essay, he said, \"When I am in the humour, I can compose grand symphonies …\" In this way, the author's ideas are vividly presented. According to the author, insomnia is an agony. But it is praiseworthy. It shows the man lacks no sympathy or depth if he suffers from sleeplessness. On the other hand, those who find no difficulty in falling asleep are inhuman and are lacking in depth.

Why I Write

by Georeg Orwell

课后练习 (Exercises on the text)

A.

1. He wants to write books with a political purpose.

2. The four great motives are: (1) sheer egoism (2) aesthetic enthusiasm (3) historical impulse (4) political purpose

3. He is against totalitarianism and for democratic socialism. 4. He thinks that the more one is conscious of one's political bias, the more chance one has of acting politically without sacrificing one's aesthetic and intellectual integrity. 5. The Spanish war and other events in 1936.

6. No. He thinks that by the time you have perfected any style of writing, you have always outgrown it.

7. He thinks that we shouldn't write sheer purple passage which is meaningless. 8. Yes.

B.

1．而后形成了不讨人喜欢的癖性，使我在整个学生生涯中都不受欢迎。 2．作为一个小孩，我常常想象着自己是令人激动的冒险故事的主角。 3．一缕金黄的阳光透过平纹薄棉布窗帘，斜射在桌子上。 4．他写作的主题是由他生活的时代所决定的。 5．我认为有四种写作动机，至少写散文是这样。

6．认为艺术应当与政治无关的观点本身就是一种政治态度。

7．这更加深了我对当局本能的憎恨，第一次真正意识到了工人阶级的存在。 8．1936年至1937年发生的西班牙战争和其他一些事件改变了这种情况，我 了解了我的立场。 C

1. effaced 2. slant 3. outgrown 4. perverse 5. shivering 6. outweighs 7. reconciled 8. undervalued

D.

1. immature

2. fluctuated 3. force

4. reconciled 5. downright 6. simile 7. shiver 8. readable

E.

1. unsociable deisposition

2. people who are imagined, not real people

3. the usual kind of writing that I was obliged to do 4. attract listeners

5. those most respected in society

6. collect them for the future use by the descendants 7. the same group, party or cause 8. knew by chance

F.

As a very small child, I made up my mind to become a writer in future. When I became a writer, what I have most wanted to do is to make political writing into a work of art. The opinion that art should have nothing to do with politics is wrong. Writing is exposing lies, protecting

truth and also an aesthetic experience. Animal Farm was the book in which I tried to fuse political purpose and artistic purpose into one whole. Writing should serve the society and the public. This is the principle I must follow. If a writer lacks political purpose, he will only write some purple passages, even some humbug.

G.

According to Orwell, no book is genuinely free from political bias. The opinion that art should have nothing to with politics is itself a political attitude. If a writer

lacks a political purpose, he will write lifeless books and

be betrayed into purple passages. On the other hand, aesthetic experience must be taken into consideration. If it were not for an aesthetic experience, he wouldn't be able to write

anything. He said he couldn't and wouldn't abandon the world

view that he acquired in childhood. He would like to feel strongly about the prose style. What is important is that

political purpose and aesthetic considerations must be perfectly combined. The more one is conscious of one's political bias, the more chance one has of acting politically without sacrificing one's aesthetic intellectual integrity. One word, political purpose and artistic purpose must be fused into one whole.

Work

by Bertrand Russell

课后练习 (Exercises on the text)

A.

1. To begin with, it fills a good many hours of the day without the need of deciding what one shall do. Moreover the exercise of choice is in itself tiresome.

2. Because whatever they decide to do for themselves, they are troubled by the feeling that something else would have been pleasanter.

3. I think idleness is more unbearable than boredom from doing tedious work because idleness is a waste of time and life.

Since an idle man is not doing anything and not accomplishing anything, he can' t derive any feeling of accomplishment, success or satisfaction.

4. In the view of the author, the housewives do not receive wages, have no means of bettering themselves, are taken granted by their husbands, and are valued by them not for their housework but for quite other qualities. I agree with him in this respect .because housewives have no chances of success just by doing housework, especially when success in most work is measured by income. 5. All work can offer continuous pleasure to the worker provided that the skill required is either variable or capable of indefinite improvement.

6. In construction the initial state of affairs is comparatively haphazard, while the final state of affairs embodies a purpose. In destruction the reverse is the case; the initial state of

affairs embodies a purpose, while the final state of affairs is haphazard, that is to say, all that is intended by the

destroyer is to produce a state of affairs which does not embody a certain purpose.

7. In Russell' s view constuctiveness is the most powerful motive for work.

8. In my opinion, the elements that make work interesting include: the exercise of skill, and the feeling of accomplishment, success and satisfaction.

B.

1．只有在高度文明的社会中人才会很好地利用闲暇的时间，而目前很少有 人能达到这个水平。

2．因此人们需要工作。首先它可以避免无聊感。因为一个人从事必需但无 兴趣的工作带来的无聊感，同整日什么也不做产生的无聊感相比起来，也就 不算什么了。

3．但是尽管这种工作很枯燥，如果它能提高一个人的声誉，不管是笼统地说

整个世界，还是在自己的小圈子里，它都变成可以忍受的了。

4．那些家庭主妇没有工资，也没有办法改善自己的生活，她们的劳动被丈夫

认为是理所当然的，丈夫所重视的不是她做的家务，而是她的其他品质。 5．律师或政治家的工作必须以更令人愉快的方式，包括从玩桥牌中获得的同

样的快乐。

6．我可以想象出一个能干的外科医生，不管他工作的地方条件多么艰苦，他

从精湛、准确的手术中得到满足。

7．令人庆幸的是，还有相当一部分工作新的条件要求新技术，这样人们可以

继续提高，至少可以到中年时期。

8．在建筑物的建造过程中，以前制定好的计划得以实施，而在拆除过程中， 没有人明确规定拆除工作结束后，那些残瓦碎片如何摆放

C.

1. by means of 2. actuated

3. taken for granted 4. outwit 5. irked

6. by no means

7. procure 8. by all means

D.

1. desirable 2. is apt 3. literal 4. variable 5. provided 6. pretenses 7. requires 8. kill

E.

1 .work that is quite annoying, too much in number 2. by going after the big animals 3. is judged by salary 4. can be put in grades

5. there is no this competing feature 6. in this field, in this aspect

7. It is never completely finished and there is nothing left to do.

8. reaching the stage that further progress appears impossible

F.

The first thing Russell thinks is the most ordinary function of work, namely the relief of tedium. He thinks even the dullest work is less painful than idleness to most people. Then he talks about how the work can provide the people with opportunities for their ambitions. Man, as a member of the society, hopes that he can procure more and more social achievements. He points out that most women are so unfortunate that they can not work outside their homes. They are deprived of this chance. It seems that different kinds of work give people satisfaction to different degrees. Russell studies the concerning two chief elements, that is the exercise of skill and construction. When he analyzes the latter, Russell finds an opportunity to express his profound hatred to the war and social violence.

G.

As a great thinker, Bertrand Russell had his own views on man's motives in work. Firstly, he thinks work prevents boredom. This is obviously true when we compare the feeling of those who have nothing to do with his days with that of those who are busy with their work all day long. Another advantage associated with this is that it makes holidays much more delicious when they come. Secondly, Russell thinks that work provides people with opportunities for success and the realization of ambition. This is also true because success can't be separated from one' s work and it is only through work that one can have a chance of success and thus realize his ambition. Finally, Russell thinks interesting work makes it possible for people to enjoy the feeling of satisfaction. Certainly, one can feel satisfied or

happy when he can exercise his skills or construct anything, and interesting work, composing of the above two chief elements, makes it possible for one to enjoy the feeling of satisfaction or happiness.

Through the Tunnel

by Doris Lessing 课后练习 (Exercises on the text)

A.

1. Over 150 honorably discharged veterans.

2. They exposed the war crimes committed in Indochina. 3. To prove the policy of the United States in Indochina is tantamount to genocide, and that not only the soldiers but also the U. S. government should be responsible for the war ; that those who encouraged the situation should really be prosecuted, and that the war crimes are continuing every single day.

4. The American government. Yes, I do.

5. What the soldiers were doing in the war was wrong.

6. Because he was insensitive to the war crimes as the US troops used to do so.

7. Before they depart for Vietnam, they were conditioned to kill the Vietnamese like rabbits.

8. It's a distortion because we in no way considered ourselves

the \"best men\" in this country, because those he called misfits were standing up for us in a way nobody else in this country dared to, because we know that so many who died would have come back to join die misfits, and because so many of us have actually returned to this country to demand an immediate withdrawal from Vietnam. And because so many of those \"best men\" have returned as amputees and quadraplegics to lie in rancid hospitals which fly the flag that Mr. Agnew holds so close.

9. They were unemployed, racially discriminated, addicted to drugs and unable to get better medical care.

10. The de-sensitive attitude of the Americans, the hypocrisy of the U. S government, the miserable situation of the Vietnam

veterans, and their strong determination to demand the withdrawal of U. S. troops from Vietnam.

B.

1．150多名光荣退役的老兵，其中的许多人曾被授予过各种勋章,证实了他们

在印度支那犯下的战争罪行。

2．这项调查并不是为了让老兵们倾吐心声，净化灵魂。

3．允许这种残忍、失去人性的行为继续进行的每一个美国人都应该负责任。 4．如果不报导战争杂志就卖不也去，如果杂志卖不出去，那就什么事也没 有发生，因为这是美国的一贯做法。

5．但是美国人不知道的是美国教唆成百万的士兵从事暴力，让他们冒着生 命危险参加历史上最无意义的战争，使他们成为一种可怕的力量。

6．现在要求我们默默地注视着美国人丧生，我们就能实施令人难以置信 的“越南战争越南化”的计划了。 7．老兵的问题不只是愤怒。

8．突然有一天，他在越南觉醒了，发现自己对越南人所做的一切就如同自 己民族过去遭受的一样，这正是美国人所受的教育，认为是正确的事情。

E.

1. people who are formerly in one of the armed services 2. killed by being nailed or tied to a cross

3. to be submitting to sth. obediently and humbly 4. given to

5. were supporting

6. said that the side which should be responsible for it was 7. to be developed more tense to be 8. an essential part

F.

John Kerry was a Vietnam Veteran, and he entered the

investigation which was held in Detroit in December, 1970. He thought that the veterans didn't only enter the investigation so that they could spill out their hearts or purge their souls. Also not only a certain person was responsible for the war

crimes, but also American Government. He wished to awoke the sense of responsibility in American people. He criticized the insensitivity of everyone from all walks of life in America and pointed the hypocrisy of the policy set by American Government. He exposed the situation that the veterans were terribly treated back to America: race discrimination,

addicting to dope, unemployment, bad medical treatment, etc. At last he told us that members of Vietnam Veterans Against the War were marching on Washington and on the Capitol. Their most important demand was that .the government set a date for withdrawal of troops from Vietnam. Otherwise they would stay there and would never move.

G.

The author told the war crimes of the U. S troops, not just to spill out their hearts or purge their souls. He wanted to

prove that the policy of American in Indochina was tantamount to genocide, that not only the soldiers were responsible for what was happening in Vietnam, but that the whole American people were responsible for the war crimes in Vietnam. The veterans placed it before the people of this country, telling it like it really was in order to let the American people know the truth

about the Vietnam war and other wars. The American government had lied to the people, and the American people didn't know at all. The American people thought the American troops were right, in fact, they were not. The war brought massive damage not only to the native people, but also to the American soldiers. The Americans are indifferent. The veterans called on the American people and all the people who love peace to fight against the war, and demanded American government withdraw troops from Vietnam immediately. Veterans were suffering in America. When they returned from Vietnam, they were faced with the sickening situation: unemployment, racial discrimination, addiction to drugs, and failure to get the proper medical treatment, etc.

The Beauty Industry

by Aldous Huxley

课后练习 (Exercises on the text)

A.

1. One hundred and fifty-six million pounds.

2. Because the sums expended was comparatively smaller than I had thought.

3. Because Europe was poor.

4. The modern cult of beauty is not exclusively a function (in the mathematical sense) of wealth.

5. People have now come to admit that the body has its rights. 6. It is a success in so far as more women retain their youthful appearance to a greater age than in the past.

7. No. Because a woman is alive and (he surface of the human vessel is affected by the nature of its spiritual contents.

8. When the social arrangements give to every one of them an opportunity to live completely and harmoniously, when there is no environmental incentive and no hereditary tendency towards monomaniacal vice.

B.

1．欧洲比较穷，保养一张脸花的钱与保养一辆罗尔斯·罗伊斯牌汽车的钱 一样多。

2．因此、对美的狂热追求是经济领域以外发生的有代表性的变化。

3．如果她们不比她们的祖母缺少贞节，至少她们有权利显得不那么贞节。 4．例如，人体有责任在力与美方面尽其所能使自己得到满足。

5．从更多的妇女比过去能更长时间的保持青春这一点看，它是成功的。 6．目前为止争取美的运动也是争取更健康的运动；是令人赞美的，在某种 意义上，是真正的成功。

7．当这个高兴的时刻来临时，每个女人都会变漂亮吗？无论使用还是不用 整容和化妆品的帮助，她会像她的本来面貌一样漂亮吗？ 8．更为常见和令人反感的是损害许多漂亮脸蛋的冷漠。

C.

1. upkeep 2. cult 3. listless

4. preoccupied 5. diffusion 6. expend

7. indistinguishable 8. ineffectual

D.

1. instinctively 2. preoccupied 3. indistinguishable 4. intrinsic 5. In so far as 6. mimicking 7. affect 8. preserve

E.

1. submit to the will of God 2. good result 3. been after

4. strict appearance.

5. but it can mix the spurious with the genuine. 6. undoubtfully, people will be influenced widely. 7. it doesn't matter to its beauty or ugliness. 8. according to the porcelain specialists

F.

The author first suggested that American and European women wanted to make themselves look younger and more beautiful by spending much money on beauty. People would not think, as in the 19th century, that only a Lost Woman could use cosmetics. But what the author worried about was that women only cultivated their personal appearance, neglecting the importance of

improving their spiritual ugliness-He thought that people would be really beautiful only when everyone had an opportunity to live harmoniously. But the author didn't believe that it could be realized.

G.

To make themselves look more beautiful people have adopted all possible measures. They spend money on cosmetics, soap, face - cream, hair - lotions, on rubber reducing belts and

massage machines, and on books on the culture of the abdomen, on health motors and the skin foods, even on plastic surgery. And they have succeeded, up to a point, in beautifying their appearance. However, it is not enough for one to have mere physical beauty. For real beauty is as much an affair of the inner as of the outer self. It is not skin deep.The appearance of the human being is affected by the nature of its spiritual contents. However beautiful one may look, he or she is not genuinely and perfectly beautiful so long as spiritual emptiness or ugliness continue to exist. To be really

beautiful, people should try every possible means to beautify their inner self besides their appearance. They will be

genuinely and perfectly beautiful only when the social-system have given every one of them an opportunity to live completely, and harmoniously, when they have improved their spiritual contents, removed the psychological emptiness and ugliness.

A Job Interview

by John Grisham

课后练习 (Exercises on the text)

A.

1. Because he looked good on paper and was their top and only choice for this year.

2. He came to the interview out of curiosity.

3. It was held in a hotel room. It was held there to avoid public attention.

4. It was a firm dealing with tax, some securities, real estate and banking. No, he wasn't told the truth.

5. He was told that he would be sent all over the country to tax seminars and would do a lot of research and generally boring

stuff.

6. A base salary of eighty thousand the first year, plus bonuses. Eighty - five the second year, plus bonuses. A low — interest

mortgage for buying a home. Two country club memberships. And a new BMW. The firm paid him so well because it made huge profits by doing illegal work like evading tax, washing money, etc.

7. If he joined the firm, and put in ten hard years, he would become a partner first, and if he put in ten more years, he would be the richest person in twenty years.

8. He was told that the firm was impressive, few lawyers had left the firm, they want their people happy. They think the most profitable way was to operate. 9. Yes, he did.

B.

1．他聪明，有抱负，并且相貌英俊。

2．除了其他详情，他们还了解到他现在有三份工作的选择，两个在纽约 ，一个在芝加哥。

3．已经有全国最有声望的三家公司提供的三份工作，他不需要这次面试， 不需要这家公司。。 4．他从来都没见过兰玛·奎因，也不知道谁会代表公司进行面试。 5．这就意味着到了接受面试的人提出一两个明智的问题的时候了。 6．我们会派你到全国各地参加有关税务的研讨会。

7．他读过公司所有41名律师的简短的背景介绍，一瞬间，他回忆起兰 玛.奎因曾就读于堪萨斯州立大学。

8．我们的合伙人一年赚50万美元是很平常的事，大多数在45岁以前就退休了。

C.

1. resume 2. frowned 3. cordial

4. among other things 5. on paper 6. took pride in

7. keep a low profile 8. in charge of

D.

1. huge

2. recruit

3. biographical 4. blunted 5. rate

6. compensation 7. demand 8. play along

E.

1. he was set aS a young representative of the company. 2. We are very critical and have the power to choose.

3. More than two thousand third-year students who studied law were examined and selected.

4. What is your position in your class? 5. He had examined them.

6. We will pay you generously.

7.\"That's hard to believe,\" he murmured.

8.The smile disappeared and he became calm again.

F.

The three interviewers hid the truth of the firm to McDeere and only told him that the firm mainly did tax work. The clients of the firm were all big corporations, banks and

wealthy people. Although the firm was not large in size and only consisted of forty-one lawyers, the salaries and all other benefits of the members were incredibly high. For the first year, McDeere could receive a base salary of eighty thousand dollars, plus bonuses, a low-interest mortgage and a luxurious car. If he worked hard, he would become a partner in ten years. If he put in ten more years, he could be a

millionaire. All these were very appealing to McDeere. He agreed to accept this job without hesitation. But he could not imagine that he mistakenly went into a lawyer firm which was controlled by a black organization and specialized in illegal activities.

G.

From the passage I've learned much information,

particularly about Mitchell McDeere. Firstly, I got to know

his educational background. He first attended Western Kentucky

University and then attended and graduated from Harvard University. He made extremely high grades in his tax and securities courses and had a degree in accounting. He was certainly a top student since he ranked top five out of

three hundred. This strong educational background had been greatly valued by the firms he applied to. Secondly, I learned about his personality. From the interview, it was easily seen that he was curious, quick -minded, intelligent, courageous, seasoned and ambitious. He was curious since he went to the interview out of curiosity instead of immediate want. He was quick - minded and intelligent since he answered the interviewers' questions cleverly and tactfully. He was

courageous and seasoned because he did his homework before he came to the interview and because he could keep calm before the three interviewers. He was ambitious because he wanted to rise in the society. Thirdly, I also learned about his marriage. His

wife was named Abby, who had a degree in elementary education from Western Kentucky. She had taught at a private kindergarten near Boston College. They had known each other since high school and they had a happy marriage. Finally, as for his financial status, I know he was hungry for money because he still owed close to $ 23,000 in student loans. To finish his higher

education, he also got a full scholarship from Western Kentucky and some financial assistance from Harvard.

The Company in Which I Work

by Joseph Heller

课后练习 (Exercises on the text)

A. Answer the following questions on the text.

1. In the company, everyone is afraid of al least one person. 2. Because their position is the lowest.

3. Because they fear that they may, start doing worse and they should begin doing better.

4. They live and work under pressure that is extraordinary.

5. Yes.

6. Because first their salaries are small, arid they know they will not have much trouble finding jobs paying just as little in other companies if they lose their jobs here.

7. They are not expected to change reality, but merely to find it if they can and suggest ingenious ways of disguising it. 8. He is bored with his work very often now.

9. On days when he's especially melancholy, he began constructing tables of organization … classifying people in the company on the basis of envy, hope, fear, ambition, frustration, rivalry, hatred, or disappointment.

10. The passage is a satire on the company's ruining the normal human feelings and on the sad fact that people scramble for power and profit at the cost of sacrificing their dignity.

B. Translate the following into Chinese.

1．他们召开会议，研究该提升谁，别人准备并发布的声明上也要署上他们的名

字。 2．他不时地让我清楚一个事实，即他希望我的部门所出的成果在显示给其他部门

之前先给他看看。

3．把统计数字复印，分发，这种做法的结果是公司每个部门的每个销售办公室的

推销员在任何时期内业绩的好坏都不断地处于公众的审查和评论之中。 4．纪律和指令激励并驱使他们。

5．他们的经费很少，因为不再允许他们承担大的项目。

6．不仅推销员认为（我们所做的是重要的），而且那些精明的。能力强的高级管

理层的人员也这样认为。 7．做令人厌烦的事情是否比把令人厌烦的事情交给别人去做而自己却无所事事更

令人厌烦呢？这真是一个要做出决定的问题。

8．我时常感到我被利用只是因为我被要求去做能付我工资的工作。

C. Fill in the blanks in each sentence with the best word or expression from the box below, changing its from when necessary. 1. having fallen victim to 2. with honors 3. have trouble

4. was held to blame

5. credited with 6. regardless of 7. squandered 8. motivated

D. Circle the right word or expression in the brackets in each of the following sentences. 1. incurred 2. ingenuous 3. explicit 4. compliment 5. simulated 6. brooded 7. grudge 8. shrewd

E. Explain the underlined words in English. 1. how much they sold in the same week 2. they tend to lose temper unreasonably

3. after several months of feeling sorry for his wife's death, he usually takes up managerial position. 4. which they have to obey.

5. Usually, they are happy, full of confidence and glad to be with people.

6. it's a stupid person who believes.

7. except a temporary feeling of pride and highly spirited, I only feel bored and hopeless.

8. after a difficult period of time, an emotion of enormous disappointment comes over me

F. Translate the following into English.

It' s not easy to work in a big company. There is the rigid hierarchy in such company. If you want to achieve success and promotion, you’ll have to do your work well under great pressure and be subjected to the discipline and direction. Every day you work under strict supervision with great fear. If you' re doing a job without any opportunity to be promoted, and you can t find another job for certain reasons, you'll be bored with the present work and feel tired of it. You will

lose hope for the future and lose your ambition and motivation

for the work, and finally turn to be a mediocre person.

G. Write a short passage of 150 - 200 words in English on the topic

\"Do You Like to Be a Salesman in a Big Company? Why or Why Not?\". I Like to Be a Salesman in a Big Company There are many kinds of positions in a big company. If I can choose one of them, I'd like to be a salesman. For one thing, I' 11 be able to fully explore

my latent power by working under pressure, facing challenges from the highly competitive market. To be a salesman, I can usually be vigorous, friendly, generous and confident. Travelling will be part of my job as a salesman which allows me to meet people of different culture, different personalities. And travelling also enables me to see the world. Another reason I like to be a salesman is that I can have a feeling of being proud and

important, since a company exists to sell. All the work done by others is only a pavement of a road for me to walk upon. Furthermore, it will bring me great pleasure if I can keep a friendly relationship and good cooperation with the previous customers, and bring in new ones. This will be of much benefit

both to the company and to myself.