线练学校高三英语任务型阅读专练(3)

21

The 2008 Beijing Olympic Games is drawing near. Are you eager to watch the matches or start serving as a volunteer？First，you need to know about audience manners.

The behavior of courtside audiences is considered to be an important part of sporting culture. In 2004，after world champion Stephen Hendry lost to Ding Junhui in the China Open Snooker Championships，he complained of the noise from Chinese spectators（观众）. Perhaps you and your classmates could discuss how to behave while in the audience at the Olympic Games.

Most sporting arenas have rules for spectators written on the back of the tickets. Read your ticket carefully before you arrive. Try to teach your seat half an hour before the start of the event and don’t leave when a game is in progress. When you leave，remember to take away your soft drink bottles and other trash（垃圾）. It is really very impolite of you to leave any rubbish behind. Pay close attention to it.

During exciting games，try to control yourself. Don’t criticize the performance of players. But you should do it properly. When players first appear，clap your hands together to welcome them. Perhaps they will soon cheer up.

Applause is not welcome，however，while a game is in progress and players need to keep their concentration. Various sports have various rules for the audience.

Enjoying artistic gymnastics requires silence. But lots of cheering can really help basketball and football players. Snooker and table tennis courtside behavior includes a ban on flash photography. Mobile phones are not allowed in shopping centers.

To be a good spectator，you should take time to learn the game-specific rules and related

culture of each event. If you know these rules，you are sure to have a good time when are enjoying a wonderful match.

How to be a good spectator of the Olympic Games The（1）_____before the The behaviors（5）_____the games games Read Don’t leave your We can seat during the applaud when ______during basketball football matches but we must keep(10)_____ when enjoying gymnastics. or the Don’t get game. Be careful not players first We can（9）about players’and an excellent coaches’behaviors. performance We should learn to or if someone control our（7） fails. _____. can’t applaud during a （8）_______ 22

rules for to your to say(6)____words appear，after spectators seat （3）on ticket before yourthe ______than 30（4）___before We （2）_____ the game. Frederick M. Hess is the director of education policy studies at the American Enterprise Institute, which is a nonprofit organization that conducts research on many public issues. He says that a long summer vacation doesn’t make sense in today’s world.

Can American students afford to take a summer vacation? In a summer vacation, millions of kids spend valuable time sending messages, watching TV, playing video games and doing shopping in the mall. They will also be putting their academic futures at risk.

Summer vacation once made sense in the past when you didn’t need an education to get a good job. But now things have changed. For today’s students, academic skills are important to students’ future success, but such skills are affected in the summertime. Many nations don’t give kids an American-style summer vacation. They offer no more than seven consecutive(连续的)

weeks of vacation. Most American school districts offer up to thirteen weeks. To compete in the global marketplace, Americans must be prepared to go up against international competitors.

Summer vacation also causes challenges for today’s families. In the 1960s, more than 60% of families had a stay-at-home Mom. Now, two-thirds of American children live in households where every adult works. For these families, summer vacation can be more burden than break. Someone must watch the kids.

But the biggest problem may be how summer vacation hurts academic achievement. Researchers have found that disadvantaged students lose significant ground in the summertime.

A longer school year does not have to be an invitation to hard boring work. Rather, it should allow time-pressed teachers to conduct richer and more imaginative lessons. Schools would have more time to devote to athletics, languages, music and the arts. Summer vacation can be a grand thing. But in the 21st century, it may also be outdated.

Title: Long Summer 1

Theme A long summer vacation doesn’t make sense in today’s world. Vacation length 2 weeks in most American schools ·Sending Students’ activities watching TV ·Playing video games ·Doing 3 Putting student’s academic futures at risk Affect academic 5 Make parents watch kids at home Make students lose significant ground messages and Basic Information 4 Causing challenges for families Hurting academic 6 7 Students should be conducted to study more imaginative 8 such as athletics, languages, music and the arts. 9 Summer vacation can be both grand and 10 . 23

There are good reasons to cherish our friendships. Some years ago a public-opinion research firm, Roper Starch Worldwide, asked 2007 people to identify one or two things that said the most about themselves. Friends far outranked homes, jobs, clothes and cars.

“Ironically,” says Brant R. Burleson, professor of communication at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Ind., “the better friends you are, the more likely you’ll face conflicts.” And the outcome can be what you don’t want ---an end to the relationship.

The good news is that most troubled friendships can be mended.

Swallow your pride. It wasn’t easy, but that’s what Denise Moreland of Hickam Air Force Base in Hawaii did when a friendship turned sour. For nearly four months, Moreland, 45, had watched over Nora Huizenga’s two young daughters, who were living with their father on the base, while Huizenga, 40, completed training as a dental hygienist in Nevada. “I felt honored to be asked to step in,” Moreland says.

When Huizenga returned at Christmas, Moreland recalls, “I had so much to tell her, but she never called.”

One daughter had a birthday party, but Moreland wasn’t invited. “I felt like I’d been used,” she says.

At first, Moreland swore to avoid Huizenga. Then she decided to swallow her pride and let her friend know how she felt. Huizenga admitted that she’d been so worried about being separated from her family that she’d been blind to what her friend had done to help her. Today she says, “I would never have figured out what happened if Denise hadn’t called me on it.” When a friend hurts you, your instinct is to protect yourself. But that makes it harder to

solve problems, explains William Wilmot, author of Relational Communication. “Most of us are relieved when differences are brought out in the open.”

Apologize when you’re wrong ---even if you’ve also been wronged. But over the course of a friendship, even the best people make mistakes. “We don’t think clearly when we’re arguing,” says Michael Lang, a professional mediator in Pittsburgh. Instead, says Lang, ask: “What’s going on? This doesn’t make sense.”

See things from your friend’s point of view. Sociologists Rebecca Adams Rosemary and Blieszner interviewed 53 adults who each had many friendships lasting decades. “We were curious how these people managed to sustain strong friendships for so long,” says Blieszner. Tolerance is key, the researchers learned.” It’s surprising how often a dispute results from a simple misunderstanding,” adds psychotherapist Anne Frenkel.

Accept that friendships change. “Friendships change as our needs and lifestyles change,” Wilmot observes.

Making friends can sometimes seem easy, says Yager. The hard part is keeping the connections strong during the natural ups and downs that affect all relationships. Her suggestion: Consider friendship an honor and a gift, and worth the effort to treasure and nurture.

Title: Keep on your friendships

Our friendships According to a research, friends are more（2）_____ than other should be（1）_____.

things like homes, jobs and cars. （3）______, the better friends you are, the more conflicts you may face. Swallow your（5）

Tips on how to（4） _____ a broken friendship

_______

Make an（6）____ when you are wrong

Tolerate

Moreland made the decision to let her friend know how she felt and things changed. We’d better bring out our feeling in the open. We should（7）______ arguing since argue may make no sense at all.

We’d better learn to see things from our

differences Accept friendship

friend’s point of view. Many disputes（8）_______ from simple misunderstandings.

the We should be（9）_______ of the fact that

lifestyles change. Conclusion

change of the friendship changes as our needs and

Friendship is an honor and a gift, and it is worthwhile（10）_____ efforts to cherish and nurture it.

24 Celebrating sleep

World Sleep Day, observed on 21 March, was created to bring attention to the growing number of sleep problems worldwide. Sleep is a natural part of human life, but many people in the modern world ignore its importance. As a result, sleep problems are increasingly common.

In 2002, scientists at the University of Athens in Greece conducted a survey of over 35,000 people in 10 countries around the world, including China, Belgium and South Africa. Of the people that responded to the survey, 24 percent said that they did not sleep well, and based on their responses, 31.6 percent were diagnosed with insomnia and another 17.5 percent were diagnosed with borderline insomnia(失眠). In addition, 30.7 percent of survey respondents reported visiting a doctor for help with sleep problems and 11.6 per cent said that they felt very sleepy during the day.

Overall, the survey found that many people suffer the effects of poor quality sleep, some examples of which are being unable to fall asleep and waking up in the middle of the night. The main factors causing these problems are pressure from school or work and a fast pace of life, but noise pollution and light pollution also interfere with sleep and contribute to poor quality sleep. The survey’s findings are particularly troubling because large numbers of people were found to have difficulty sleeping at night. The short-term effects of this are tiredness and

trouble concentrating. If this happens for a long time, the risk of gaining weight and having a heart attack may increase.

There are many things you can do to improve the quality of your sleep. First, you should have regular sleep habits. Try to go to bed and wake up around the same time each day. You also need to make your bedroom a cool, dark, quiet place to sleep so that heat, light and noise do not disturb you. At night, you should also avoid things that contain caffeine, such as chocolate, coffee, tea and many soft drinks, as caffeine may keep you from sleeping.

Getting a good night’s sleep is important for everyone. By following the advice above, you can rest better at night and work better during the day.

Title: Celebrating Sleep

Topic World Sleep Day Context Due to __3___of sleep problems, people observed Mar. 21, World Sleep Day, bringing attention to the importance of sleep. Responses of the survey Of 3, 5000 people in 10 countries in the world, there were 24 percent of the people saying they didn’t sleep well. 31.6 percent were diagnosed with insomnia and another 17.5 percent were on the _4_____ of sleeplessness. The ___5__ of the people feeling sleepy during the day is 11.6. 30.7 percent reported__6___ to a doctor for sleep problems. Under _7____ from school or work, people may have sleep problems. A fast pace of life causes sleep problem __1___causing sleep problems & their consequences as well. Poor quality sleeps also ___8__ from noise or light pollution. There is much __9___ that sleepless people easily gain weight and have a heart attack. Feeling tired and sleepy, people find it hard to concentrate. ___2__ to take to improve sleep quality Have regular sleep habits Make your bedroom cool, dark and quiet Avoid things ___10___caffeine 25

Homework is a great way for kids to develop independent, lifelong learning skills, so here are some general homework tips for parents:

● Make sure your child has a quiet, well-lit place to do homework.

Avoid having your child do homework with the television on or in places with other distractions,

such as people coming and going.

● Make sure the materials your child needs, such as some paper, pencils and a dictionary,

are available.

Ask your child if special materials will be needed for some projects and get them in advance. ● Help your child with time management.

Establish a set time each day for doing homework. Don’t let your child leave homework until

just before bedtime. Think about using a weekend morning or afternoon for working on big projects, especially if the project involves getting together with classmates.

● Be positive about homework.

Tell your child how important school is. The attitude you express about homework will be

the attitude your child acquires.

● When your child asks for help, provide guidance, not answers.

Giving answers means your child will not learn the material. Too much help teaches your child

that when the going gets rough, someone will do the work for him or her.

Cooperation with the teacher. It shows your child that the school and home are a team. Follow

the directions given by the teacher.

● Reward progress in homework.

If your child has been successful in homework completion and is working hard, celebrate that

success with a special even (e.g. pizza, a walk, a trip to the park) to reinforce the positive effort.

Title: (1) ____________ for parents on their children’s homework

Right things to do (2) __________ for homework

A separate room

Basic requirements ◆Quiet and well-lit

◆(3)_____TV or other distractions ◆Some paper ◆Some pencils ◆A dictionary

◆Special materials for some projects ahead of (5) _____

(6)_____ homework Weekend homework (7)_____of homework

A set time each day

A whole morning or afternoon ◆(8)_____ by parents ◆Accepted by children ◆Provide guidance

◆Cooperate with the teacher ◆Follow the teacher’s directions ◆Don’t give answers

Reward the child with a special event: ◆Their favorite food ◆Their favorite activity

Materials for homework

Things (4) _____

Time management

Attitudes to homework

(9)______from parents Dos & don’ts

(10) _________

Successful homework

26 Manners nowadays in metropolitan cities like London are practically non-existent. It is nothing for a big, strong schoolboy to push an elderly woman aside to take the last remaining seat on the underway or bus.

This question of giving up seats in public transport is much argued about by young men, who say that since women have claimed equality, they no longer deserve to be treated with politeness and that those who go out to work should take their turns in the rat race like anyone else. But women have never claimed to be physically strong as men. Even if it is not agreed, however, the fact remains that courtesy(礼节) should be shown to the old and the sick. Are we really so lost to all ideals of unselfishness that we can sit there indifferently(冷漠地) reading the paper or a book, saying to ourselves, “First come, first served” while a grey-haired woman, a mother with a young child or a cripple(残障者) stands? Yet this is all too often seen.

Older people, tired and impatient from a day’s work, are not always considerate either — far from it. Many arguments break out as the older people push and squeeze(挤)each other to get on buses. One cannot approve this, of course, but one does feel there is just a little more excuse. It seems urgent, not only that communications in transport should be improved, but also that communication between human beings should be kept smooth and polite. All over cities, it seems that people are too tired and too rushed to be polite. Shop assistants won’t bother to assist; taxi drivers shout at each other as they dash dangerously around corners; bus conductors pull the bell before their desperate passengers have time to get on or off the bus, and so on. It seems to us that it is up to the young to do their small part to stop such lowering of moral standards.

Title：Manners in Metropolitan Cities

Theme Politeness is (1) ▲ , especially in large cities. Phenomena Big, strong schoolboys push elderly women aside to (2) ▲ on the last remaining seats. Women think they are(4) Excuses Phenomena and Excuses Young men (3) ▲ to treat women ▲ to men, so they should politely. take their turns in the rat race like others. Young people sit indifferently(5) ▲ while grey-haired women, mothers with (6) First come, first served. ▲ and disabled people stand by. The elderly themselves push each other to get on buses. ●Communications in transport are not satisfactory. (7) ▲ ●Communication between people doesn’t go (8) ▲ and politely. ●People are too (9) ▲ and too rushed to care about others. Solution Young people make an (10) ▲ to stop such lowering of moral standards. 27

Most scientists are now certain that global warming is taking place. Gases such as carbon dioxide produced by burning of coal, oil, wood, together with industrial pollution, are creating a warm blanket around the earth. This blanket is trapping heat in the atmosphere and so raising the temperature of the earth.

The evidence for global warming can now be seen in the world’s changing climate statistics. In Europe, eight of the last ten years have seen record high temperature. For northern Europe, this has generally been a change for the better. Gardens can even now grow tropical plants in England, though London may never see a “White Christmas” again. On the other hand, the countries around the Mediterranean Sea, and those south of the Sahara desert are receiving even less rain than before. In sub-Saharan Africa the crops are drying out in the fields and people are dying

of starvation. In the Americas, the climate is becoming more extreme ---the summers are getting hotter and hotter and the storms are becoming more violent. In 1999 the southern United States was struck by a series of destructive hurricanes, while the end of 1999 saw the worst floods ever in Venezuela. Meteorologists expect such trends to continue, and indeed to worsen, if global warming cannot be halted(终止).

In addition to worrying about rising global temperatures and more extreme weather conditions, scientists are closely monitoring sea levels around the world. These are slowly rising, as the northern and southern polar ice-caps start to melt. This will have serious consequences for low-lying countries near the sea, such as the coral islands in the Pacific, and Bangladesh where the River Ganges already folds the delta(三角) every year. Already parts of these places are disappearing under the rising tides.

Title: Global Warming

Main items _____1____ _____2____ Contexts Gases from burning coal, oil, and wood with industrial pollution. In European countries; Record high temperature in the last ____3__. In the countries around the Mediterranean Sea; It is __4_____ less than before. In Sub-Saharan Africa; The crops are drying out in the fields and people are ___5____ to death. In Americas; ___6____ hot summers. More __7____ storms and worst floods. ____8______ ___9____earth temperature ____10___ polar ice-caps 28

The modem Olympic Games were founded with the intention of improving health and education,

promoting world peace and encouraging fair and equal competition. But over the years, the Olympic saying, “Faster, higher, stronger”, has pushed scientists as well as athletes to do everything possible to reach new levels.

Doctors, engineers and coaches all use everything science can offer to achieve that little bit extra in competition. The reason modern technology has become part of sport is very simple: Winning is just as important as it was 2,500 years ago at the Olympics of ancient Greece.

Development in technology has often been reflected in the methods of training and performance used at the Olympics through history. This technology falls into two main groups: improving an athlete’s performance in competition, and allowing results to be measured more accurately.

One of the creations that have drawn the most attention is the new high-tech swimsuit from Speedo, which was used by most US swimmers in Athens. Until Sydney 2000, it was thought that the smaller the swimsuit, the faster the swimmer would travel.

“However, the fact that at the Sydney Olympics, 28 of the 33 gold medallists were wearing the body covering Fastskin suit proved the theory was out of date,” said Andy Thomas, vice-president of Speedo.

The company’s full body suit is supposed to make swimmers 3 to 4 percent faster, particularly when turning or diving into the water. It is believed that the suit creates less water resistance as it moves, behaving more like a shark skin than a human skin.

The introduction of high-tech equipment means that athletes in all sports, from the 100-metre sprint(短跑) to the pole vault(撑杆跳高), can now train more effectively and nourish (给…以营养) their bodies better.

Meanwhile, scientific development also means performances can be measured and studied far

more accurately. Not only are winning times more accurately recorded, but cheating athletes are also easier to catch out. According to International Olympic Committee (IOC) requirements, two independent measuring systems should be used at all venues(比赛地点). Athens 2004 organizers used only the very latest equipment to measure distance and speed.

The (1)_____ The (3)______ Science can (4)_______ athletes’ Science can get results performance. (8)______ more accurately. Winning is the High—tech swimsuit Athletes in Winning times Cheating most (2)_____ from Speedo can make all sports can thing. swimmers 3 to 4 percent faster and more effective more was (5)______ by 28 of (7)_______ the 33 gold medal (6)______ at the Sydney Olympics. 29

Because six out of every 10 accidental deaths happen to Chinese children who are playing, Shanghai Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical (SJJP), a US-based pharmaceutical giant, is working on a Safe Kids Program to prevent injuries and deaths.

Since the Safe Kids Worldwide was set up in 1987 by Johnson & Johnson in the US, it has contributed to a nearly 40 percent decline in the child death rate from accidental injuries there. Learning from the successful experience, SJJP began the Safe Kids Program in China in 1999.

A recent survey conducted by SJJP and Safe Kids Worldwide China indicates that more than half of the responding parents didn’t know how to help their children keep safe and that half of the parents didn’t know about their children’s motor skill development at different ages. The survey covered 3,359 Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou’s parents with children between infancy (幼年)

athletes can (10)_______ caught out. can train in a be (9)_______ be accurately. and 14.

Additionally, more than 40 percent of the parents didn’t know how to help their children to prepare well for sports activities. For instance, they don’t know how to have their children warm up or realize the importance of a playground-check before sports activities.

To help correct the problems, SJJP and Safe Kids Worldwide China have been translating and editing safety education materials, sending them to parents free of charge, and delivering free lectures in kindergartens, schools and residential communities for the last 10 years.

Currently, a special team has been set up and traveling around 12 key cities of China to popularize child sports safety knowledge and offer free training for young parents.

Though SJJP refuses to say how much it has spent on the program, it says the number in terms of money, staff and technology, is large.

SJJP was founded by Johnson & Johnson in 1995 and specializes in manufacturing and development of non-prescription medicines (非处方药) and health care foods and products. So far, its investment has exceeded (超过) $41 million.

Title: Safe Kids Program

(1) ▲ The program is intended to (2) ▲ accidental injuries and deaths. ◇It is sponsored by SJJP, which specializes in making and (3) ▲ non-prescription medicine and health care foods and products. ◇It follows the example of the successful experience of Safe Kids Worldwide in the US, which accounts for a 40% (4) ▲ in such injury cases. ◇More than 50% of the parents don’t know how to help keep children safe. ◇Half of the parents are not (6) ▲ of their children’s motor skills. Background (5) ▲ ◇40% or more of the parents fail to help their children prepare well before sports activities, such as warming up and (7) ▲ the playground. ◇They have been sending safety education materials to (8) ▲ and delivering lectures in schools and communities, all for (9) Solutions ▲ . ◇A special team has been (10) ▲ and is now travelling around to popularize child sports safety knowledge and offering free training for young parents. 30

Some people believe that greed and selfishness has become the basis of modern society, and we should return to the old traditions of family and community then we will have a better life. To what extent do you agree or disagree with the above opinion?

In this fast-paced world, many values are undergoing major changes. While people traditionally prioritize caring, sharing and generosity in life and work, modern people seem to be more self-absorbed and self-concerned.

Modern people act selfishly to survive the harsh competition of life. They say that it is a jungle out there. To survive, you have to fight with whatever means that come handy. Obviously greedy and selfishness go perfectly well with such ideas. In a company, employees do everything they can to get better pay and higher position, even at the cost of colleagues. We are in any way advocating any selfish conduct. It is just that people are pressured to act in a certain way due to outside influences.

In spite of common practice, it is hard to conclude that modern society is built on greed and selfishness, both of which are not newly invented vocabulary. In ancient times people also did greedy and selfish things though such behaviors were more condemned then. But we can not ignore

the fact that people in the past lived a relatively more isolated life and faced less pressure compared with their modern counterparts.

Are we happier to share with others and be generous to them? There is no fixed answer either. Some people take great pleasure helping and giving to others while others feel happy doing the opposite. But I personally think that people should not be too selfish. Caring for others can actually encourage the development of a mutually beneficial relationship.

In conclusion, modern people appear to be more self-centered than those in the past due to strong outside pressure. However, we should encourage people to know the importance of being caring and generous and to build a mutually beneficial relationship with others.

Are Modern People Becoming More Selfish? Main comparisons Contexts In the past people put caring, sharing and generosity in the first ____2____. Nowadays, people seem to be more ____3____about themselves. People in the past appeared to be modest and self-effacing(谦让的). People may strive to achieve their own __5___ at the price of their coworkers. __1__ are changing ___4___are changing too. The author’s understanding ___6____ for the changes in author’s eyes The author’s ___9____towards topic Fierce __7___ and great __8___on modern people may be responsible for the changes. A relationship which can ___10___ two sides should be established. 参

21 1.behaviors 2.arrival 3.later 4.minutes 5.during

6.impolite 7.feelings 8.game 9.cheer 10.silent

22 1. vacation 2. thirteen 3. shopping 4. disadvantages 5. skills

6. achievement 7. advantages 8. lessons 9. conclusion 10. outdated 23 1. cherished/ treasured 2. important

3. However 4. mend 5. pride

6. apology 7. avoid 8. result /come 9. aware 10.making 24 1. Factors 2. Measures 3. ignorance 4. edge 5. percentage 6. turning

7. pressure/stress 8. arise/result 9. possibility/ chance/ likelihood 10. containing

25 1. Tips 2. Places 3. Without 4. available 5. time

6. Weekday 7. Importance 8. Expressed 9. Help 10. Rewards 26 1.disappearing/non-existent/missing/lacking/lost2.sit/rest

3. refuse/hate/dislike 4. equal 5. reading 6. children/babies7. Causes/Analysis 8. smoothly9. tired 10. effort

27 1. Causes/Reasons 2. Evidences 3 decade 4 raining 5 starving

6 increasingly 7. violent / destructive8 Consequences 9 Rising 10.Melting 28 1. reason 2. important 3. fields 4. improve 5. worn 6. winners 7. way 8. measured 9. recorded 10. easily 29 1. Purpose 2. prevent / stop

3. developing 4. decline / decrease5. Problems

6. aware / conscious 7. checking 8. parents 9. free 10. organized / formed 30 1.Values 2.place 3.concerned 4.Behaviours 5.goals 6. Reasons 7. competition 8.pressure 9. attitudes 10.benefit