专业英语四级模拟试卷315(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语四级模拟试卷315 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1. DICTATION 2. LISTENING COMPREHENSION 3. CLOZE 4. GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY 5. READING COMPREHENSION 6. WRITING

PART I DICTATION (15 MIN)Directions: Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be read at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be read at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minute

1．

正确答案：Stress Stress is not just caused by our mental or emotional condition, it is also influenced by how tired we are, whether we have a balanced diet with enough vitamins and minerals, whether we get enough physical exercise, and whether we can relax. If we feel stressed, there are several things that we can do. First, we need to learn how to relax and breathe slowly and smoothly. We can also take some time out of our worried, busy schedule to notice the small things in life. Smell the air, look at the flowers, notice the small designs in the leaves on a tree — these activities can do much to quiet us and to give ourselves a small break in a busy schedule. We need to take care of our bodies. We need to get enough rest, eat well, and do some regular exercise. Finally, we need to find what is causing the stress in our lives. Once we have found it, we need to begin to change that part of our lives. If we believe that we can control stress, we can begin to control our lives.

PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION (20 MIN)Directions: In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your answer sheet.

SECTION A CONVERSATIONSDirections: In this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.

听力原文：M: Hi, Mary. Do you want to start writing a lab report after we finish this experiment?W: I can’t. In fact, I need to finish early because I’m going over to the Psychology Department to talk to Professor Smith about the job opening. M: You mean a job on campus? W: Yeah, and it sounds pretty interesting. It involves helping with her study on learning styles. You know, some people learn best by sight, while others learn best by hearing or touching. M: Yes. I know that’s her area of expertise.

W: Right! Anyway, for her study, she’s taking some high school students who’re doing very well in the classes and testing them to find out what their learning styles are. [l]Then tutors, people like me, will work with them, presenting materials to them in their particular learning styles. M: Hey, that is interesting. Now, will you mostly do the testing or the tutoring? W: Both I hope. I want to be involved from start to finish. M: Are you going to be paid for this? W: I’m sure we’ll get something, though probably not much. Anyway, it doesn’t matter to me. [2] I just want to have some hands-on experience, M: Yeah, and that’ll be nice to help the high school students loo. W: That’s what I thought when I saw the ad. You know you could do it too. You don’t have to be in her classes to work or to study. M: Really? You have any idea what the schedule is like? W: Late afternoon and evening for tutoring. I think, after all, the kids have regular classes until 3:30.M: Actually that’s perfect for me.W: Then come along. We’ll save the lab report for later. But [3] we’d better make sure we do a good job on our experiment first. M: Yeah, first thing’s first.

2． What will the woman do at high school? A．She will teach psychology at high school. B．She will teach chemistry at high school.

C．She will help to study learning methods at high school. D．She will help students to do experiments at high school.

正确答案：C

解析：推断题。对话中女士谈到她将帮助教授做实验(will work with them)，来研究学生的学习方式(find out what their learning styles are)，故答案为[C]。

3． Why is the woman interested in working with Professor Smith? A．Because she wants to quit her job in the chemistry lab. B．Because she wants to get practical experience. C．Because she is interested in psychology major. D．Because she wants to earn some extra money.

正确答案：B

解析：细节题。男士问女士做这份工作是否会有报酬，女士说会有一些，但她看中的是能从工作中获得一些实践经验(I just want to have some hands—on experience)，由此可知女士对加入Smith教授的研究感兴趣，是因为这能帮她获得一些实践经验，故答案为[B]。

4． What will the speakers probably do next? A．Write their lab report.

B．Find out Professor Smith’s schedule. C．Interview some high school students. D．Finish their chemistry experiment.

正确答案：D

解析：细节题。对话结尾处女士说，虽然要去加入到Smith教授的工作，但

是首先要把实验做好(we’d better make sure we do a good job on our experiment first)，由此推断，二人接下来要先完成他们的实验，故答案为[D]。

听力原文：M: Hey, Jane. What’s so interesting?W: What? Oh, hi, Tom. I’m reading this fascinating article on the societies of the Ice Age during the Pleistocene period.M: The Ice Age? There weren’t any societies then, just [8A]a bunch of cave people.W: That’s what people used to think. But a new exhibition at the American Museum of National History shows that Ice Age people were surprisingly advanced. M: Oh, really? In what ways? W: Well, Ice Age people were the inventors of languages, art and music as we know it. And they didn’t live in caves. They built their own shelters.M: What did they use to build them? The cold weather would have killed almost all the trees, so they couldn’t have used wood. W: In some warmer climates, they did build houses of wood. In other places, they used animal bones and skins or lived in natural stone shelters. M: How did they stay warm? Animal skin walls don’t sound very sturdy. W: Well, it says here, that in the early Ice Age, they often [9D] faced their homes towards the south to take advantage of the sun, a primitive sort of solar heating. M: Hey, that’s pretty smart!W: Then people in the late Ice Age even insulated their homes by putting healed cobble stones on the floor. M: I guess I spoke too soon. [10B]Can I read that magazine article after you’re done? I think I’m going to try to impress my anthropology teacher with my amazing knowledge of Ice Age civilization. W: Ha! What a show-off!

5． What did the man think about the people of the Ice Age? A．They lived in caves. B．They traveled in groups.

C．They had an advanced language. D．They ate mostly fruit.

正确答案：A 解析：男士提到他觉得Ice Age(冰河世纪)没有社会，那时的人们只是a bunch of cave people(一群穴居人)．由此可知男士认为冰河世纪的人lived in caves。

6． How did people in the early Ice Age keep warm? A．By living in large groups. B．By using sand as insulation.

C．By keeping fires burning constantly. D．By facing their homes towards the south.

正确答案：D

解析：女士提到冰河世纪早期的人类经常会在建房时faced their homes towards the south to takeadvantage of the sun(使房子坐北朝南，那样就可以利用阳光来取暖了)，故答案为[D]。

7． What does the man want the woman to do? A．Meet his anthropology teacher.

B．Lend him her magazine when she finishes it. C．Come over to his house after class.

D．Help him study for an anthropology test.

正确答案：B

解析：由男士话中的Can I read that magazine article after you’re done?可推断出他想让女士在看完杂志后lend him her magazine(把杂志借给他)。

听力原文：W: Mr. Bacon, what is your job exactly?M: I’m a vet, looking after sheep, horses, dogs, cats. We even have lions and tigers at the zoo.W: What sort of pets do people bring to your clinic?M: Mostly dogs and cats but then we have snakes and parrots and all other animals people keep as pets.W: Snakes? Why do you think people keep snakes?M: I quite like snakes, but I wouldn’t want one as a pet. Um, some people are very keen on them.W: Maybe they keep snakes to frighten others. All right, do you think people spend more money on their animals than their children? M: It depends on the people. Some are very good with their animals, some treat them far better than they would their kids, and unfortunately some are cruel with the animals. W: [6C]What experience have you had of people who treat their animals too well?M: Lots of animals come here with lipstick marks on the head. We regard that as a specific sort of condition here. W: Are animals good for people’s health? M: Well, [5B]they seem to help old people. These people see one person every two days, but their animal is with them all day, and it’s a companion. W: Above all, why are you interested in your job? M: Maybe the animals sometimes attack me and there is much paper work. [7D]The thing I like best is to deliver new animals. It always amazes me one moment you have one mother and the next moment you can have a pile of animals.

8． According to Mr. Bacon, people keep snakes because A．they like them as pets. B．they are curious of them.

C．they use them to frighten other people. D．they keep them to do research.

正确答案：A 解析：题目问Bacon先生认为人们养蛇的原因。根据Bacon先生话中的some people are very keen onthem可知答案为[A]。其中keen on意为“喜欢”。

9． Animals are good for old people’s health because animals A．can look after them.

B．can be their good companions. C．are more reliable than people. D．can help them with housework.

正确答案：B

解析：本题的关键词是old people，所以要注意与之相关的信息。由Bacon先生的回答they seem tohelp old people…it’s a companion可知答案为[B]。

10． The lipstick marks on the animals’ heads show that people A．are cruel with animals.

B．treating the animals better than their children. C．are treating the animals too well. D．are making up the animals.

正确答案：C 解析：题目涉及留在动物头上的唇膏印能说明什么。由What experience have you had of people whotreat their animals too well可知答案为[C]。

11． According to Mr. Bacon, the best part of his job is A．the excitement of having some danger. B．the amount of paper work. C．to have many animals there.

D．to help animals give birth to new ones.

正确答案：D 解析：题目涉及Bacon先生最喜欢他工作中的哪一点。由对话中的The thing I like best is to delivernew animals和后面的进一步阐述可知答案为[D]。

SECTION B PASSAGESDirections: In this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow.

听力原文： A new study suggests that the way to weight loss may be clear. A couple of glasses of water before meals helped dieters lose about 5 pounds more than those who did not drink water. While drinking water before a meal may fill a person up, the contents of their meal count as well. Should a person be eating a low-fat diet or a low-carb diet? Or does it matter at all? Recent research suggests that one diet isn’t any better than the other. What helps a person see a diet through? It could be body type. A study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association really drills down into the low-fat /low-carb debate. As reported by Time magazine, researchers found that body shape is the key to which diet a person will be able to stick with. Apples are people who carry most of their weight above the belt, while pears carry their weight around their hips, Apple types were more likely to be high-insulin secretors who respond more strongly to carbohydrates or sugars in their bodies. They lost the most weight on a low-carb diet. Pears were low-insulin secretors who lost the same amount of weight on both diets. All of these studies again come down to choosing the diet that helps you eat less. The body-type diet does make some sense as men are more likely to be apple types, with larger bellies, and tend to do well on higher-protein diets, while women, who tend to carry weight around their hips, find themselves drawn to the low-fat diets.

12． What is the passage mainly about? A．Glasses of water help to lose weight. B．Body type is the key to weight loss. C．Apples and pears help to lose weight. D．Exercising is the best way to lose weight.

正确答案：B

解析：主旨题。文章第一段结尾提出问题：一个人想要减肥是应该吃低脂的食物(low-fat diet)还是低碳水化合物的食物(low—carb diet)，下文提到最新研究表明这两种食物并没有什么高下之分，能帮助减肥的人选择食物的是他的body type，接下来文章介绍了两种体型的人减肥时应注意的饮食，由此可知短文主要讲的是body type is the key to weight loss，故答案为[B]。

13． What are apple types mentioned in the passage?

A．They refer to people whose body shape looks like an apple. B．They refer to people who carry their weight around their hips. C．They refer to people who can lose weight by eating apples. D．They refer to people whose stomach is as big as an apple.

正确答案：A

解析：细节题。短文中提到，研究人员发现体型(body shape)是决定人们应该坚持吃哪类食品来减肥的关键，apple type是指脂肪囤积在腰部以上的那类人，由此可知，apple types指的就是那些体型像苹果的人，故答案为[A]。

14． What can we learn about pear types? A．They could lose the most weight on pears.

B．They could lose the most weight on a low-fat diet. C．They could lose the most weight on a low-carb diet.

D．They could lose the same amount of weight on both diets.

正确答案：D

解析：细节题。短文中提到，梨形身材的人胰岛素分泌的量少，他们吃这两种食物(low—carb diet，low—fat diet)所减轻的体重是一样的，故答案为[D]。

听力原文： Scientists say sharks have lived in the world’s oceans for millions of years. Scientists say there are more than 350 different kinds of sharks. Sharks do not have bones, and a shark has an extremely good sense of smell. It can find small amounts of substances in the water, such as blood, body liquids and chemicals produced by animals. Sharks also sense electrical and magnetic power linked to nerves and muscles of living animals. These powerful senses help them find their food. Some sharks will eat just about anything. Many unusual things have been found in the stomachs of some large sharks. They include shoes, dogs, a cow’s foot and metal protective clothing. About forty percent of the different kinds of sharks lay eggs. The others give birth to live young. Some sharks carry their young inside

their bodies like humans do. Scientists are beginning to understand the importance of sharks to humans. Medical researchers want to learn more about the shark’s body defense system against disease. They know that sharks recover quickly from injuries. Sharks appear never to suffer infections, cancer or heart diseases.

15． How can sharks find their quarries? A．By good sense of taste. B．By good sense of smell. C．By good visual sense. D．By good sense of hearing.

正确答案：B

解析：题目问的是鲨鱼怎样找到它们的食物，由原文中的…has an extremely good sense of smell可知答案为[B]。

16． At which point are some sharks similar with humans? A．Bone structure. B．Smell ability. C．Birth mode.

D．Recovery ability against disease.

正确答案：C 解析：题目问的是在哪一点上一些鲨鱼与人类相似，由原文中的…carry their young inside theirbodies like humans do可知答案为[C]。

17． Why are sharks useful for humans? A．For their tasty meat.

B．For the principle of their defense system against disease. C．For their solid skin.

D．For the principle of their birth modes.

正确答案：B 解析：根据文中提到的…the shark’s body defense system against disease可知答案为[B]。

听力原文： From this lookout we enjoy one of the most spectacular views of San Francisco. As you can see, [17A] the city rests on a series of hills varying in altitude from sea level to nine hundred and thirty-eight feet. The first permanent settlement was made at this site in 1776 when a Spanish military post was established on the end of that peninsula. During the same year, some Franciscan fathers founded the mission San Francisco de Asis, and about halfway between the two, a station was established for travelers. For thirteen years, there were fewer than one hundred inhabitants. But in 1848, with the discovery of gold, the population grew to ten thousand. That same year, the name was changed to San Francisco. By 1862,

telegraph communications linked San Francisco with eastern cities, and [19B] by 1869, the first transcontinental railroad connected the Pacific coast with the Atlantic seaboard. [18C] Today San Francisco has a population of almost three million. It is the financial center of the west, and serves as the terminus for trans-Pacific steamship lines and air traffic. The port of San Francisco handles between five and six million tons of cargo annually. And now, if you look out to your right, you should just be able to see the east section of the Golden Gate Bridge, which is more than one mile long. The bridge spans the harbor from San Francisco to Marin County and the Red Wood Highway. [20B]It was completed in 1937 at a cost of thirty-two million dollars and is still one of the largest suspension bridges in the world.

18． What can we learn about San Francisco, according to the passage? A．It is a mountain city.

B．It is the political centre of the west of America. C．It got its name in 1862.

D．It belonged to Spanish at the very beginning.

正确答案：A

解析：文章开头处提到旧金山rests on a series of hills(坐落在延绵的山脉上)，由此可知旧金山是一座mountain city(山城)。而且文章还提到旧金山是the financial center of the west(美国西部的经济中心)，而不是the political centre(政治中心)。

19． What can we learn about the population of San Francisco?

A．There was about ten thousand people living there at the very beginning. B．It decreased in 1848.

C．It is almost three million now.

D．It is nearly the same in the recent decades.

正确答案：C

解析：文中提到1848年的时候，旧金山的人数由原来的几百人上升到了一万人，而现在旧金山的人口是三百万。

20． What happened in 1869 in San Francisco, according to the passage? A．Gold was discovered in San Francisco.

B．The transcontinental railroad was completed. C．The Golden Gate Bridge was constructed. D．Telegraph communications were established.

正确答案：B

解析：文章提到1869的时候the first transcontinental railroad connected the Pacific coast with theAtlantic seaboard(连接太平洋和大西洋海岸的洲际铁路建起来了)。

21． How much did it cost to complete the construction of the Golden Gate

Bridge?

A．Nineteen million dollars. B．Thirty-two million dollars. C．Thirty-seven million dollars. D．Forty-two million dollars.

正确答案：B 解析：文章结尾提到Golden Gate Bridge(金门大桥)was completed in 1937 at a cost of thirty-twomillion dollars(于1937年完工，耗资3200万美元)。

SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTDirections: In this section, you will hear several news items. Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow.

听力原文： National lawmakers in Ukraine have demanded that President Leane Castrok leave office because of the agreement he reached Friday with Russia. Under the accord, [23D] Ukraine’s nuclear warheads will be transferred to Russia for dismantling and ensure that the Black Sea Fleet will come under Russian control. National lawmakers say that the deal is a betrayal of Ukraine’s interest. The issue will be put to parliament which will rectify the accord.

22． Under the agreement, the nuclear warheads will be A．controlled by Russia.

B．controlled by the Black Sea Fleet. C．disassembled in Ukraine. D．disassembled in Russia.

正确答案：D 解析：题目问到根据这项协议，核弹头将被如何处理。新闻中提到…Ukraine’s nuclear warheads will be transferred to Russia for dismantling，其中dismantle与disassemble意思相近，意为“解开，分解”，由此可知答案为[D]。

听力原文： [25C] The United States has eased sanctions on Iran, Sudan and Cuba in an effort to increase the use of the Internet and social networking sites there. The new regulations will authorize the export of web-based services including instant messaging. Internet freedom is fast becoming a principle of American foreign policy. [25C] The decision to lift the ban on export of Internet software and services would [26B] make it easier for people in Iran, Sudan and Cuba to use the Internet and communicate with each other as well as the outside world. The technology will likely help circumvent government restrictions on the use of programs like Twitter and even Internet-based email accounts.

23． The United States has decided to A．increase the use of the Internet.

B．issue new regulations to sanction Iran, Sudan and Cuba.

C．cancel the ban on export of Internet software and services in Iran, Sudan and Cuba.

D．restrict the use of the Internet and other web-based services.

正确答案：C 解析：新闻开头就提到The United States has eased sanctions on Iran，Sudan and Cuba…；接着后面又补充道，The decision to lift the ban on export of Internet,software and services would…。综合两处可知[C]为本题答案。

24． What’s the result of America’s decision?

A．It changes the principle of American foreign policy. B．It benefits the three related countries a lot.

C．It helps the government manage the use of the Internet.

D．It makes such programs as Twitter and emails more efficient.

正确答案：B 解析：新闻中谈到，美国的此项决定make it easier for people in Iran．Sudan and Cuba to use the Internetand communicate…；接着又说The technology will likely help circumvent(绕过)government restrictions。[B]是对两处信息的正确概括，为本题答案。

听力原文： A British team has begun building a car designed to smash all previous land speed records and go faster than even the speed of sound. [27A]The supersonic car, called Bloodhound, is expected to reach an awe-inspiring 1, 000mph (1, 610km /h), while sound travels at around 760mph (1, 223km /h). [28B]The car, which looks more like a plane without wings thanks to its sleek, aerodynamic frame, will also travel much faster than most passenger aircrafts, which is why the man chosen to drive it is actually a pilot.

25． The car is expected to travel at a speed of______per hour. A．1,000 miles B．1,610 miles C．760 miles D．1,223 miles

正确答案：A

解析：本题考查数字信息，听音时要做好笔记。由新闻中提到得The supersonic car…is expected toreach an awe-inspiring 1，000mph(1，610km／h)可知，[A]为本题答案。[B]有较大干扰性，但其单位错了；[C]、[D]两项的数字与声速有关，而不是本题问到的“车速”。

26． What makes the car look like an airplane? A．Its wings. B．Its frame. C．Its speed.

D．Its drivers.

正确答案：B

解析：根据新闻内容The car，which looks more like a plane without wings thanks to its sleek，aerodynamic frame…可知，[B]为本题答案。

听力原文： [29C]The United Slates has condemned Israel’s plan to allow another 1, 600 homes for Jewish settlers to be built in occupied East Jerusalem. Israeli announcement came as the U. S. Vice President Joe Biden was visiting Jerusalem. The U. S. Vice President Joe Biden issued a statement from Jerusalem in which he condemned the Israeli government’s decision. He added it was precisely this kind of step that undermined the trust needed to make progress in the negotiations. It’s very rare for the White House to actually condemn Israel for anything, but Israel’s action must have been perceived as a snub in Washington. Just as Joe Biden was talking about a moment of opportunity for peace between Israelis and Palestinians, [30A] Israel was taking steps that would infuriate the Palestinians and possibly undermine that moment of opportunity.

27． The U.S. condemned

A．it’s Vice President for visiting Jerusalem. B．Jewish settlers for occupying East Jerusalem.

C．Israeli’s decision to allow more housing units for Jewish settlers. D．Joe Biden’s statement from Jerusalem.

正确答案：C

解析：本题关键词为condemned。由新闻开头谈到的has condemned Israel’s plan to allow another1，600 homes for Jewish settlers to be built…可知，答案为[C]。

28． What’s true about the consequence of Israel’s plan?

A．It may take away the opportunity for peace between Israelis and Palestinians. B．It confronted the U.S. vice president.

C．It damaged the relationship between the White House and Israelis. D．It may cause another war between Israelis and Palestinians.

正确答案：A

解析：由新闻结尾谈到，以色列的做法可能激怒巴勒斯坦人，并且破坏that moment of opportunity；联系该句前半部分…a moment of opportunity for peace between Israelis and Palestinians…可知，[A]是原文的同义转述。

听力原文： Scientists say they can tell what air and sea conditions were like hundreds of thousands of years ago. They say pieces of ice taken from Greenland provide such information. Scientists took the ice from more than 15 miles deep in huge masses of ice that float on the sea. The ice represents 25,000 years of history. [23B] It provides one of the clearest records of ancient weather. [24C] European

and American scientific teams have been studying ice from the same area to confirm each other’s findings. They measured the oxygen and carbon dioxide in the ice for the temperature. From these measurements, the scientific teams say that [25D] the past 10,000 years is the only period during which temperature has not changed very much.

29． According to the news, ice from Greenland gives information about A．oxygen.

B．ancient weather. C．carbon dioxide. D．temperature.

正确答案：B 解析：根据第25题的题干和选项，可推测本题的答案与weather或temperature有关，故将答案锁定在[B]和[D]之间。再由新闻中提到的It provides one of the clearest records of ancient weather可知答案为[B]。

30． Why are there two teams to study the same ice? A．Because they belong to different countries. B．Because they compete against each other. C．Because they want to confirm their findings.

D．Because there are too many pieces of ice for only one team.

正确答案：C

解析：[A]和[B]的意思相近，故这两项可能都不是答案。由European and American scientific teams…from the same area to confirm each other’s findings可知答案为[C]。

31． It can be inferred from the measurements that 20,000 years ago, A．the weather must have been warmer. B．the weather must have been colder.

C．the weather had remained almost the same. D．the weather had changed a lot.

正确答案：D

解析：根据常识，从两万年前到现在气候不会保持不变，故[C]很可能不是答案。再由…the past10．000 years is the only period during which temperature has not changed very much可推断两万年前的气候总在变化之中，故答案为[D]。

PART III CLOZE (15 MIN)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks.

Humanity’s primal efforts to systematize the concepts of size, shapes, and number are usually regarded as the earliest mathematics. However, the concept of number and the counting process developed so long【C1】______the time of recorded

history (there is archaeological【C2】______that counting was employed by humans as far back as 50, 000 years ago) that the【C3】______of this development is largely conjectural (推测的). Imaging how it probably came【C4】______is not difficult. The argument that humans,【C5】______in prehistoric times, had some number sense, at least【C6】______the extent of recognizing the concepts of more and less when some objects were【C7】______to or taken away from a small group, seems fair, for studies have shown that some animal possesses such a【C8】______. With the【C9】______evolution of society, simple counting became necessary. A tribe had to know how many members it had and how many enemies, and shepherd needed to know【C10】______the flock of sheep was decreasing in size. Probably the earliest way of keeping a count was by some simple tally (计算，记录) method,【C11】______the principle of one-to-one correspondence. In【C12】______a count of sheep, for example, one finger per sheep could be【C13】______. Counts could also be【C14】______by making scratches in the dirt or on a stone, by cutting notches in a piece of wood, or by tying knots in a string. 【C15】______, perhaps later, an assortment of vocal【C16】______was developed as a word tally against the number of objects in a small group. And【C17】______later, with the development of writing, a set of【C18】______was invented to stand for these numbers. Such an imagined development is【C19】______by reports of anthropologists in their studies of present day societies that are【C20】______to be similar to those of early humans.

32． 【C1】 A．after B．before C．ahead D．ago

正确答案：B 解析：由后面括号解释说明的句子可知，早在五万年前人类就开始运用数学计算。根据背景知识可知，这肯定发生在人类有记录的历史之前，故答案为[B]before。

33． 【C2】 A．evidence B．conception C．witness D．evaluation

正确答案：A

解析：本句意为“有考古证据表明数字计算开始于五万年前”，[A]evidence“证据，迹象”符合语义。[B]conception“观念，概念”、[C]witness“证据，目击证人”、[D]evaluation“进化，发展”这三项都不合语义。

34． 【C3】 A．mood B．mission C．manner D．vision

正确答案：C 解析：空后的定语为of this development，故答案为[C]manner“方式、方法”。此句意为：这种发展方式在很大程度上是通过推测的。[A]mood“情绪”、[B]mission“任务”、[D]vision“视觉，眼光”这三项用在此处不合语义。

35． 【C4】 A．across B．about C．around D．by

正确答案：B

解析：此句是说想象这是如何发生的并不困难，故答案为[B]，came about意为“发生”。came across“偶然碰到”；came around“恢复知觉”；came by“从旁边走过，取得”。

36． 【C5】 A．just B．nearly C．even D．also

正确答案：C

解析：此处是说在史前人类就有了数字的意识，这里是递进关系，[C]even“甚至”符合语义。

37． 【C6】 A．within B．by C．at D．to

正确答案：D

解析：to the extent of属于惯用衔接，意为“达到…程度”。

38． 【C7】 A．added B．referred

C．amounted D．attached

正确答案：A

解析：空后的or taken away from a small group与此空形成对比，故此处应填[A]added“增加”。

39． 【C8】 A．meaning B．sense

C．impression D．doubt

正确答案：B

解析：上文中的sense提示本空选[B]sense。此句的主句为：The argument…seems fair…，其中that humans…from a small group是同位语从句，for引导原因状语从句。此句意为：人类甚至在史前就已经有了某种数字的意识，至少当物体的数目增加或减少时，他们能够意识到多少的概念，这种观点似乎是很合理的，因为研究表明某些动物也拥有这种意识。

40． 【C9】 A．continuous B．continual C．unceasing D．gradual

正确答案：D 解析：此句是说随着社会的逐渐发展，简单的计算变得很有必要。[D]gradual与evolution构成搭配，evolution本身包含“逐渐的，逐步的”的概念，故答案为[D]。[A]centinuous指事件或活动持续了相当长的一段时间而没有间断；[B]continual一般指动作的多次重复；[C]unceasing指不停的、不断的、持续的。

41． 【C10】 A．how B．when C．if D．that

正确答案：C

解析：此处是说，牧羊人需要知道他的羊群的数量是否在减少，[C]if引导宾语从句，故为答案。

42． 【C11】 A．developing

B．employing C．exploring D．researching

正确答案：B 解析：此处是说，可能最早的计算是通过使用一一对应的计算方法进行简单的记录，[B]employing除了“雇用”之意，还有“使用”之意，这里取“使用”之意，为答案。

43． 【C12】 A．doing B．showing C．taking D．keeping

正确答案：D

解析：上句中的keeping a count对此处有提示作用。此句意为：例如，在数羊时，可以用一根指头代表一只羊，故答案为[Dj。

44． 【C13】 A．accessible B．applicable C．available D．obtainable

正确答案：C

解析：根据上题分析可知，此处应填[C]available“可利用的”。[A]accessible“易接近的”；[B]applicable“可应用的，可适用的”；[D]obtainable“能得到的，可得到手的”。

45． 【C14】 A．justified B．asserted C．located D．maintained

正确答案：D

解析：此处是说，计数也可以通过在地上或石头上的划痕、木头上的凹痕，还有在绳子上打结的方式保存，故答案为[D]maintained“保留”。[A]justified“证明”；[B]asserted“主张，维护”；[C]located“位于”。

46． 【C15】 A．Then B．When

C．However D．So

正确答案：A

解析：本句是在说后来计数的发展，为时间上的顺接，故答案为[A]。

47． 【C16】 A．noises B．sounds C．voices D．rhythms

正确答案：B

解析：此句是说后来发展了一种用声音来计数的方法。[A]noises意为“噪音，喧闹声”，常指不悦耳、不和谐的嘈杂声；[B]sounds作“声音，响声”讲时，可以指人或动物发出的声音．或物体碰撞的声音，这个词的使用范围很大，可以说，大自然的任何“声音”都可以用sound;[C]voices一般指人的声音，说话、唱歌、谈笑都可用voice；[D]rhythms指音律。此处的vocal提示此处应填[B]sounds，voice与其重复，故排除。

48． 【C17】 A．almost B．quite C．still D．yet

正确答案：C

解析：上句提到perhaps later，此处也提到later，可见此处应填[C]still，still later意为“再后来”，still在此意为“更”。

49． 【C18】 A．marks B．signals C．symbols D．signs

正确答案：D

解析：此句是说后来，随着书写的发展，发明了一些符号来代替数字。[A]marks指“无意间留下或自然形成的痕迹”；[B]signals指为了警告、命令或报信而发出的“信号”；[C]symbols意为“象征”；[D]signs指无意或有意的、自然的或人工的“信号，记号，征兆”。signs与numbers构成呼应，故答案为[D]。

50． 【C19】 A．opposed

B．debated C．supported D．argued

正确答案：C 解析：由后面提到的“人类学家的报告指出当今社会被认为与早期人类社会相类似”可以看出，这一报告与人们想象的(数学)发展进程是不相悖的，所以此处应选[C]supported“支持”。[A]opposed“反对”：[B]debated“辩论”；[D]argued“争议”。

51． 【C20】 A．measured B．thought C．balanced D．supposed

正确答案：B 解析：此句是说，人类学家的报告指出当今社会被认为与早期人类社会相类似，故答案为[B]。

PART IV GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY (15 MIN)Directions: There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

52． The manager of the hotel requests that their guests______after 11:00 p.m. A．not to play loud music B．shouldn’t play loud music C．don’t play loud music D．couldn’t play loud music

正确答案：B

解析：request引导宾语从句时，从句的谓语动词应该用虚拟语气，其表现形式为：“should+动词原形”(should可省略)，故答案为[B]。

53． I could not persuade him to accept it,______ make him see the importance of it.

A．if only I could not B．no more than I could C．or I could not D．nor could I

正确答案：D

解析：not…nor…相当于neither…nor，意为“既不…也不…”；当它们连接两个并列句，且位于分句的句首时，所在分句需要用不完全倒装形式，需将助动

词提前，故答案为[D]。

54． If you don’t like to swim, you______ stay at home. A．should as well B．may as well C．can as well D．would as well

正确答案：B

解析：may as well为固定搭配，意为“还是…的好”，故答案为[B]。

55． America will never again have as a nation the spirit of adventure as it______before the West was settled.

A．has B．did C．was D．would

正确答案：B

解析：根据题干中的before the West was settled可知，此空的时态应是过去时，由此排除[A]。再根据语法结构可知，as后接从句肯定有省略成分。应是：as it had the spirit of adventure…，其中had应由与其时态一致的助动词did来代替，故答案为[B]。

56． They always give the vacant seats to______comes first. A．whoever B．whomever C．who D．whom

正确答案：A

解析：分析题干可知，填空处需要填入一个既能在主句中充当宾语，又能引导从句并充当从句主语的关联词。[C]和[D]不能在主句中充当宾语，故排除。[B]whomever相当于anyone whom，不能充当从句的主语，不符合要求。whoever相当于anyone who，完全符合题干要求，故答案为[A]。

57． Do open the door,______ you? A．can’t B．don’t C．wouldn’t D．won’t

正确答案：D

解析：祈使句的反意疑问句一般使用will you或won’t you；本题为肯定形

式的祈使句，因此应使用won’t，故答案为[D]。

58． The background music in an assembly line is designed______. A．being not listened to B．not being listened to C．to be not listened to D．not to be listened to

正确答案：D

解析：题干中的design后一般接动词不定式，由此排除[A]和[B]；又因为动词不定式的否定结构是“not+to do sth．”，故答案为[D]。

59． I do not object______the evening with them. A．to spend B．to spending C．of spending D．spending

正确答案：B

解析：have no objection to是固定短语，意为“不反对”，后面接名词或动名词。同样，动词object也与介词to搭配，成为固定短语“object to+名词或动名词”，故答案为[B]。

60． The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, ______and perfected now.

A．developed

B．have developed C．are being developed

D．will have been developed

正确答案：C

解析：根据题干，所填空的语态应是被动语态，所以排除[A]和[B]。句尾的now提示应选择现在进行时的被动式，故答案为[C]。

61． Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent of patient do not take drugs ______directed.

A．what B．so C．which D．as

正确答案：D

解析：根据语法结构，空格处需用一个能引导方式状语的连词，因主从句中的主语一致，故从句中省略了主语和be动词，而在四个选项中可以引导方式状

语从句的只有[D]。

62． There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means______ trouble.

A．making B．to make

C．to have made D．having made

正确答案：B

解析：动词mean后接动名词时，意为“意味着”，而后接动词不定式时，意为“打算做…；有意做”，由此可以排除[A]和[D]。又因为句中没有确定make trouble这一动作发生过，故答案为[B]。

63． Neither of the young men who had applied for a position in the university______.

A．has been accepted B．have been accepted C．was accepted D．were accepted

正确答案：C 解析：“neither of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词应用单数，由此排除[B]和[D]。又因为题干中定语从句的时态是过去完成时，所以所填空的时态应是过去时，答案为[C]。

． He was______determined than you, but he turned out to be the first to back out.

A．no more B．not more C．no less D．not less

正确答案：C

解析：not more(less)…than和no more(less)…than有不同的含义，前者为一般意义上的比较级，意为“不多(少)于…”，而后者却另有含义：no more than…意在言其少，而no less than…意在言其多。根据题干中but可知，与“他第一个放弃”相对，他应“决心最大”，故答案为[C]。

65． ______me most was that the young boy who had lost both arms in an accident could handle a pen with his feet.

A．That amazed B．It amazed

C．Which amazed

D．What amazed

正确答案：D

解析：根据题干，主句的谓语是was，主语应由一个句子来充当。因此，所填的词必须与was前的部分构成主语从句，由此可以排除[B]和[C]。又因为所填的关联词要同时在主语和从句中作主语，而[A]中的That不能作主语，所以只能选[D]。

66． I wish you’d write______for us to read it. A．enough clearly B．clearly enough C．as clearly enough D．clearly as enough

正确答案：B

解析：enough修饰形容词或副词时应放在被修饰词后面，故答案为[B]。

67． The______cycle of life and death is a subject of interest to scientists and philosophers alike.

A．incomplete B．exceeding C．instructive D．eternal

正确答案：D

解析：[D]eternal意为“永远的，永恒的”，与cycle of life and death形成合理搭配，故为答案。而[A]incomplete意为“不完全的，未完成的”；[B]exceeding意为“超越的，极度的”；[C]instructive意为“有益的，有启发性的”，与题意不符，故排除。

68． The______on this apartment expires in a year’s time. A．treaty B．lease

C．engagement D．subsidy

正确答案：B

解析：[B]lease意为“租赁，租约”．常与介词on连用，由空格后on this apartment可知此项为答案。[A]treaty意为“条约”；[C]engagement意为“订婚、婚约”；[D]subsidy意为“津贴、补助金”，常与介词for连用。

69． The fire must have______after the staff had gone home. A．broken down B．broken up

C．broken out D．broken off

正确答案：C

解析：根据题干可知，所填短语的主语为fire。[C]broken out“(指火、战争等)爆发”，符合题意，故为答案。[A]broken down“(机器等)坏了”、[B]broken up“打碎，拆散”、[D]broken off“(电等)中断”均不与fire搭配。

70． John doesn’t believe in______medicine; he has some remedies of his own. A．standard B．regular C．routine

D．conventional

正确答案：D

解析：与后一分句中的some remedies of his own相对的应是conventional medicine，故[D]为答案。[A]standard意为“标准的”；[B]regular意为“定期的，经常的”；[C]routine意为“惯例的”。

71． Under the present system, state enterprises must______part of the profits to the government.

A．turn down B．turn up C．turn out D．turn in

正确答案：D

解析：[D]turn in意为“上交，上缴”，与题干中的all profits to the government衔接恰当，故为答案。而[A]turn down意为“拒绝，减弱”，[B]turn up意为“出现，露面”，[C]turn out意为“结果是”，都与题意不符，故排除。

72． Although customers keep complaining about their poor service, they’ve made no______ to make any improvement.

A．action B．trial C．attempt D．progress

正确答案：C 解析：[C]和[D]都可以与make连用，但只有[C]符合题意，make no attempt to do sth．意为“没有打算做某事”，而make progress意为“取得进步”，与题意不符，故排除[D]。

73． The boy tiptoed out of the room and headed for the swimming pool without

his father’s

A．conviction B．command C．consent D．compromise

正确答案：C

解析：[C]consent意为“同意，答应”，without his father’s consent表示没有征得父亲的同意，符合题意，故为答案。而[A]conviction意为“定罪，信念，坚信”，[B]command意为“命令”，[D]compromise意为“妥协”，都与题意不符，故排除。

74． It is time for me to see ______ dinner. A．out B．through C．about D．off

正确答案：C

解析：see about意为“处理，安排”，与dinner衔接得当，故[C]为答案。see out意为“坚持看完，持续到结束”，see through意为“看穿，识破”，see off意为“送行”，都与题意不符，故排除。

75． The travelers______their journey after a short break. A．recovered B．resumed C．renewed D．restored

正确答案：B

解析：[B]resumed意为“(中断后)重新开始，恢复”，和题干中的after a short break相照应，故为答案。而[A]recovered意为“身体恢复或重新得到、寻回某物”，[C]renewed意为“更新，使恢复”，[D]restored意为“恢复，复兴”，都与题意不符，故排除。

76． It is unfortunate that, owing to lack of money, these experiments must now be______ before the objective has been achieved.

A．transferred B．testified C．terminated D．transformed

正确答案：C

解析：根据题干可知，填空处是lack of money“缺少资金”的结果。按照常

识，缺少资金，事情就会终止。terminate表示“终止”，符合题意，故答案为[C]。[A]transferred指“转让”时，常用于某种成型的事物，不用于实验。[B]testified“证实”、[D]transformed“使完全改变”均不符合题意。

77． I don’t remember saying anything like that. You are purposely ______ my words to prove your point.

A．contradicting B．revising C．distracting D．distorting

正确答案：D

解析：[D]distorting意为“歪解，曲解”，与my words形成合理搭配，符合题意，故为答案。[A]意为“否定，与…矛盾”．[B]revising意为“修正，改变”，[C]distracting意为“转移(注意力)，使分心”，都与题意不符，故排除。

78． Last year, these ships transported a total of 83.34million tons of cargo, a 4.4 percent increase______the previous year.

A．over B．than C．up

D．beyond

正确答案：A

解析：根据题干可判断，填空处应与increase和the previous year相照应，表示比较。[A]over可以用于比较，与increase搭配，表示“比…增加了…”，符合题意，故答案为[A]。[B]than用于比较，但不能与increase搭配，因而与题意不符。[C]up和[D]beyond均不能用于比较，且均不能与increase搭配，故排除。

79． It is so warm and______by the fire that I feel like sleeping. A．dusty B．silky C．glossy D．cozy

正确答案：D

解析：[D]cozy“温暖舒适的，安逸的”与题干中的warm并列，符合题意，故为答案，而[A]dusty意为“多尘的”；[B]silky意为“光滑的，光亮的”；[C]glossy意为“有光泽的，光滑的”都与题意不符，故排除。

80． The new tourist hotel will have______for more than one thousand people. A．convenience B．accommodations C．capability

D．capacities

正确答案：B

解析：根据题干可判断，填空处应与hotel相照应。[B]accommodations意为“住处，(酒店、火车、船等提供的)住宿膳食服务”，符合题意，故为答案。[A]convenience“便利，便利设施，方便”。不符合题意；[C]capability(实际)能力，接受力”通常指人，因而与题意不符；[D]capacities表示某物的容量时，常接of而非for，不符合题意。

81． The church is______on the hillside, about a mile from the town. A．situated B．lied

C．stationed D．placed

正确答案：A

解析：[A]situated意为“使…建于，坐落在某处”，be situated in/on为固定搭配，意为“坐落在…，位于…”，故为答案。而[B]lied意为“坐落，位于”时不用于被动语态；[C]stationed意为“驻扎，安置”，[D]placed意为“放置，安置”，都与题意不符，故排除。

PART V READING COMPREHENSION (25 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.

High-quality customer service is preached by many, but actually keeping customers happy is easier said than done. Shoppers seldom complain to the manager or owner of a retail store, but instead will alert their friends, relatives, co-workers, strangers — and anyone who will listen. Store managers are often the last to hear complaints, and often find out only when their regular customers decide to frequent their competitors, according to a study jointly conducted by Verde Group and Wharton School. “Storytelling hurts retailers and entertains consumers, “ said Paula Courtney, President of the Verde Group. “ The store loses the customer, but the shopper must also find a replacement. “ On average, every unhappy customer will complain to at least four others, and will no longer visit the specific store. For every dissatisfied customer, a store will lose up to three more due to negative reviews. The resulting “snowball effect” can be disastrous to retailers. According to the research, shoppers who purchased clothing encountered the most problem. Ranked second and third were grocery and electronics customers. The most common complaints include filled parking lots, cluttered shelves, over-located racks, out-of-stock items, long check-out lines, and rude salespeople. During peak shopping hours, some retailers solved the parking problems by getting moonlighting

(业余兼职的) local police to work as parking attendants. Some hired flag wavers to direct customers to empty parking spaces. This guidance eliminated the need for customers to circle the parking lot endlessly, and avoided confrontation between those eyeing the same parking space. Retailers can relieve the headaches by redesigning store layouts, pre-stocking sales items, hiring speedy and experienced cashiers, and having sales representatives on hand to answer questions. Most importantly, salespeople should be diplomatic and polite with angry customers. “Retailers who’re responsive and friendly are more likely to smooth over issues than those who aren’t so friendly,” said Professor Stephen Hoch. “Maybe something as simple as a greeter at the store entrance would help. “ Customers can also improve future shopping experiences by filling complaints to the retailer, instead of complaining to the rest of the world. Retailers are hard-pressed to improve when they have no idea what is wrong.

82． Why are store managers often the last to hear complaints?

A．Most customers won’t bother to complain even if they have had unhappy experiences.

B．Customers would rather relate their unhappy experiences to people around them.

C．Few customers believe the service will be improved. D．Customers have no easy access to store managers.

正确答案：B 解析：商店经理总是最后一个接到投诉这一事实出现在第三段首句。观察其前后，确定原因应在第二段寻找。第二段提到顾客很少向经理或者零售店的经理或老板投诉，然后由but instead转折到：他们会警告自己的朋友．亲戚、同事等。[B]中的relate their unhappy experiences to people around them与原文的alert their friends，relatives，co-workers意思一致，故答案为[B]。

83． Shop owners often hire moonlighting police as parking attendants so that shoppers

A．can stay longer browsing in the store. B．won’t have trouble parking their cars. C．won’t have any worries about security. D．can find their cars easily after shopping.

正确答案：B

解析：由moonlighting police将答案锁定在第八段。该段首句提到，在购物高峰期，零售商通过雇用当地兼职来充当停车服务人员以解决停车问题，[B]的意思与原文一致，故为答案。

84． What contributes most to smoothing over issues with customers? A．Manners of the salespeople.

B．Hiring of efficient employers. C．Huge supply of goods for sale. D．Design of the store layout.

正确答案：A

解析：倒数第三段提到，“最重要的是，销售人员应该对怒气冲冲的顾客应对自如且不失礼仪”，即销售人员的行为方式和态度最重要，故答案为[A]。倒数第二段提到的“能够及时响应且态度友好的零售商更有可能平息事端”也说明了这一点。其余三项在倒数第四段提到，但不是最重要的因素。

85． To achieve better shopping experiences, customers are advised to A．exert pressure on stores to improve their service. B．settle their disputevS with stores in a diplomatic way. C．voice their dissatisfaction to store managers directly. D．shop around and make comparisons between stores.

正确答案：C

解析：本题问为了有更好的购物体验，顾客应当怎么做，因此将答案锁定在文章末段。该段首句提到，顾客也可以通过向零售商投诉来改善以后的购物体验。[C]的内容与原文中的filling complaints to the retailer一致，故答案为[C]。

Autism (自闭症) is a lifelong developmental disorder that affects the ways a person communicates and relates to other people. The range and intensity of disability vary widely, but all individuals affected by autism have difficulty in communication, learning and social skills. Autism usually manifests during the first three years of life. Impaired social interaction is the hallmark symptom. Many people affected by autism do not have even one friend. This is very stressful to them and to their families. Individuals affected by autism may also exhibit repeated body movements, unusual responses to people or attachments to objects, resistance to changes in routine, and extreme sensory sensitivity. This commonly includes severe reactions to noise and touch, may contribute to increased levels of anxiety and often means that significant levels of supervision are required. There is no definitive cause or cure, but specialized interventions can give individuals affected by autism the tools they need to lead full and productive lives. There are many different myths surrounding autism in the world. Here are some of the truths about it. Autism is not rare. The latest statistics indicate 1 in 165 Canadians is affected by autism, an increase of over 600%in the past ten years. What was once viewed as a rare disorder is now recognized as the most common neurological disorder affecting children. It is not an emotional disturbance, but a neurodevelopmental disorder. Parents do not cause autism. It’s not the fault of poor parenting. However, parents do need support to manage difficult behaviors with structure and consistency. People do not “grow out” of autism. With early intervention and good educational programs, progress may be significantly larger. The autistic needs to be learning, living and working in settings

where there is ample opportunity to communicate and interact with others who have the skills they need. Although no specific cause of autism is known, current research links it to biological or neurological differences in the brain that may begin during pregnancy and shortly after birth. Research suggests there may be a genetic base to many cases of the disorder and is currently focused on several specific genes.

86． What can be inferred from the first sentence in the first paragraph? A．Individuals affected by autism can’t communicate with others. B．Autism can’t be cured.

C．Autism comes from the process of development. D．Autism is a disorder far away from development.

正确答案：B

解析：本题是对首段首句的考查。首句是对自闭症的一个简单介绍，其中有一个词一lifelong一可以为本题提供答案。lifelong说明自闭症是终生无法治愈的。所以答案为[B]。

87． According to the passage, which of the following symptoms does NOT belong to autism?

A．Individuals affected by autism can’t communicate and learn as normal people do.

B．Individuals affected by autism may have repeated body movements.

C．Individuals affected by autism may have severe reactions to noise and touch. D．Individuals affected by autism demonstrate fantastic abilities in other fields.

正确答案：D

解析：第一段第七句是一个具有多个宾语的长单句，由其宾语部分可知，前三个选项都是原文中提到的部分，均是自闭症的表现，只有[D]未曾提及。因此，本题答案选[D]。

88． Which of the following is true about autism?

A．Autism usually manifests during the first two years of life. B．Autism is decreasing rapidly.

C．Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder. D．Autism is genetically caused.

正确答案：C

解析：文章第二段倒数第四句是一个not…but…句型。本句直接表明，自闭症是一种神经发育障碍，不是情绪困扰。所以，本题答案为[C]。

． What can be done to help those affected by autism? A．Early intervention and good educational programs. B．Specialized medical care.

C．Parents should take good care of them.

D．Society should provide more chances for them.

正确答案：A

解析：第三段前两句提到，自闭症不会随着人们的成长而消失，早期的干预和良好的教育会有很好的作用。所以，对于自闭症患者来说，Early intervention and good educational programs是很有帮助的。因此．本题答案为[A]。

90． What is the main idea of the passage?

A．What should be done to help those affected by autism.

B．A genetic base should be found to study the cause of autism. C．Some truths about autism.

D．What is autism and what we have known about autism.

正确答案：D

解析：各段的主要内容．也就是本文的主题。而各段的主题一般由首句来体现。观察各段，分别介绍了自闭症的概念、表现以及简单的治疗方法。所以，综合来看，只有[D]项对文章概括最全面。

Auctions are public sales of goods, conducted by an officially approved auctioneer. He asked the crowd to gather in the auction room to bid for various items on sale. He encourages buyers to bid higher figures and finally names the highest bidder as the buyer of the goods. This is called “knocking down” the goods, for the bidding ends when the auctioneer bangs a small hammer on a raised platform. The ancient Romans probably invented sales by auction and the English word comes from the Latin “autic”, meaning “increase”. The Romans usually sold in this way the spoils taken in war; these sales were called “sub hasta”, meaning “under the spear”, a spear being stuck in the ground as a signal for a crowd to gather. In England in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries goods were often sold “by the candle”; a short candle was lit by the auctioneer and bids could be made while it was burning. Practically all goods can be sold by auction. Among these are coffee, skins, wool, tea, cocoa, furs, fruit, vegetables and wines. Auction sales are also usual for land and property, antique furniture, pictures, rare books, old china and works of art. The auction rooms at Christie’s and Sotheby’s in London and New York are world famous. An auction is usually advertised beforehand with full particulars of the articles to be sold and where and when they can be viewed by the buyers. If the advertisement can’t give full details, catalogues are printed, and each group of goods to be sold together, called a “lot”, is usually given a number. The auctioneer need not begin with a lot one and continue the numerical order. He may wait until he notices the fact that certain buyers are in the room and then produce the lots they are likely to be interested in. The auctioneer’s services are paid for in the form of a percentage of the price the goods are sold for. The auctioneer therefore has a direct interest in pushing up the bidding.

91． Auctioned goods are sold A．at the highest price offered. B．at fixed prices.

C．at prices lower than their true value. D．at prices offered by the auctioneer.

正确答案：A

解析：文章第一段第三句He…finally names the highest bidder as the buyer of the goods指出拍卖师最后指定竞价最高的人即为购买者，由此可以推断出选项[A]at the highest price offered“拍卖物以最高价出售”与作者原意相吻合。

92． Why is the end of bidding called “knocking down”? A．Because the auctioneer knocks on the table.

B．Because the auctioneer names the highest bidder as the buyer of the goods. C．Because the goods are knocked down onto the table. D．Because the auctioneer bangs the table with a hammer.

正确答案：D 解析：考生只要注意到第一段最后的一句话中由for引导的原因状语从句for the bidding ends when the auctioneer bangs a small hammer on a raised platform，就可以得知竞价结束被称为knocking down是因为拍卖师一锤定音而不是别的原因。

93． What does the word “spoils” (Line 2, Para. 2) most probably mean? A．Useless goods. B．Spears.

C．Various kinds of food.

D．Property taken from the enemy.

正确答案：D

解析：对The Romans usually sold in this way the spoils taken in war一句进行分析，其后置定语taken in war说明是从战争中获取的东西而且能出卖的，推断不是选项[A]useless goods；也不会只是spears或food，而该是选项[D]“战利品”，同时后面对spear的解释也可排除[B]项。

94． In England a candle was used to burn at auction sales A．because the auction sales took place at night. B．as a signal for the crowd to gather. C．to keep the auction room warm.

D．to limit the time when offers of prices could be made.

正确答案：D

解析：从第二段最后一句话…and bids could be made while it was burning可

以看出该拍卖只有在蜡烛燃烧的时候才能进行，也就是指点蜡烛的目的在于拍竟拍时间，所以选项[D]是正确的。而选项[B]则体现了罗马人在拍卖时的习俗——一他们用矛来召集竞拍的人群。其余选项都缺乏原文依据。

95． What can an auction catalogue provide for buyers? A．The current market values of the goods. B．Details of the goods to be sold.

C．The order in which goods are to be sold. D．Free admission to the auction sale.

正确答案：B 解析：文章最后一段第一句话指出拍卖通常事先会通过广告让大家获知有关拍卖物品的particulars“详细情况”；此外，也可以从最后一段第二句If the advertisement can’t give full details，catalogues are printed…一句中得知catalogues就是指给出详细情况的目录。

That Louise Johannes is believed by many critics to be the greatest twentieth-century sculptor is all the more remarkable because the greatest resistance to women artists has been, until recently, in the field of sculpture. Since Neolithic times, sculpture has been considered the prerogative of men, partly, perhaps, for pure physical reasons. It was erroneously assumed that women were not suited for the hard manual labor required in sculpting stone, carving wood, or working in metal. It has been only during the twentieth century that women sculptors have been recognized as major artists, and it has been in the United States, especially since the decades of the fifties and sixties, that women sculptors have shown the greatest originality and creative power. Their rise to prominence parallels the development of sculpture itself in the United States, while there had been a few talented sculptors in the United States before the 1940’s. It was only after 1945 when New York was rapidly becoming the art capital of the world — that major sculptures were produced in the United States. Some of the best were the works of women. By far the most outstanding of these women is Louise Johannes, who in the eyes of many critics is the most original female artist alive today. One famous and influential critic Hilton Kramer, said of her work, “For myself, I think Ms. Johannes succeeds where the painters often fail. “ Her works have been compared to the Cubist constructions of Picasso, the Surrealistic objects of Miro and the Merzbau of Schwitters. Johannes would be the first to admit that she has been influenced by all of these, as well as by African sculpture, and by Native American and pre-Columbian art, but she has absorbed all these influences and still created a distinctive art that expresses the urban landscape and the aesthetic sensibility of the twentieth century. Johannes says, “I have always wanted to show the world that art is everywhere, except that it has to pass through a creative mind. “ Using mostly discarded wooden objects like packing crates, broken pieces of furniture, and abandoned architectural ornaments, all of which she has hoarded for years, she assembles architectural constructions, of great beauty and power. Creating very freely with no sketches, she glues and nails objects together,

paints them black or more rarely white or gold, and places them in boxes. These assemblages, walls even entire environments create a mysterious, almost awe-inspiring atmosphere. Although she has denied any symbolic or religious intent in her works, their three-dimensional grandeur and even their titles, such as Sky Cathedral and Night Cathedral, suggest such connotation. In some ways, her most ambitious works are closer to architecture than to traditional sculpture, but then neither Louise Johannes nor her art fits into any neat category.

96． The writer implies in the first paragraph that A．Louise Johannes was known before the 1940s.

B．American sculpture developed with the appearance of women sculptors.

C．There were no major sculptures made by women artists until the 1950s and 1960s.

D．New York became the art capital of the world because of the contributions made by women sculptors.

正确答案：C

解析：根据文中第一段第四句强调句型It has been only during the twentieth century women sculptors have been recognized as major artists…and creative power可知，直到二十世纪五、六十年代，才有女性雕塑家的作品出现，所以[C]项正确。

97． The author quotes Hilton Kramer in Para. 2 most probably in order to illustrate

A．realism in Johannes’ work.

B．the unique qualities of Johannes’ style.

C．the extent of critical approval of Johannes’ work. D．a distinction between sculpture and painting.

正确答案：B

解析：在第二段，作者先介绍说，在许多艺术评论家眼里，Johannes是当今世界上最富有独创性的女性艺术家，然后，作者引用了其中的一位极有影响力的评论家的原话来证实这一点，所以[B]项与此最吻合。[A]项不可取是因为文中谈到的是Johannes的独创性而不是她作品中的现实主义。[C]项和[D]项不合逻辑。

98． Which of the following can substitute the “assemblages” in Para. 4? A．assignments. B．assumptions. C．connotations. D．collections.

正确答案：D

解析：首先，根据上下文，Johannes利用别人废弃的包装箱、破家具等为材

料，用胶水和铁钉组装(assemble)雕塑作品；然后，再根据英语构词法，名词assemblage是由动词assemble加名词后缀一age合成的，意思是“组装物”，与collections在意义上最接近，故选[D]。

99． Which of the following is true about the major theme of Johannes’ art? A．Religion. B．Landscape. C．Modern city.

D．Architectural construction.

正确答案：C

解析：根据第三段转折处的…but she has absorbed all these influences and still created a distinctive art that expresses the urban landscape and the aesthetic sensibility of the twentieth century可以得知，Johannes作品的主题就是体现20世纪的城市风景以及美感，[C]项与此最接近。

100． Which of the following statements about Johannes’ sculpture is correct according to the passage?

A．They are meant for display outdoors. B．They are often painted in several colors. C．They are sometimes very large. D．They are hand carved.

正确答案：C

解析：从最后一段的第三句话These assemblages，walls，even entire environments create a mysterious，almost awe-inspiring atmosphere我们得知，她的作品有时是一面面的墙，有时是整个环境．体积很大，故选[C]项。

During the last decade, Val Beasley of the University of Illinois College has led a team wanting to know why the world’s amphibian(两栖动物) populations have been decreasing or riddled with deformed limbs. Evidence from his and other teams points to increasing numbers of common parasites as an important cause. However, the problems facing amphibian habitats really pose a distressing example of ecosystems out of balance because of human activity, according to Beasley, a professor of biosciences and executive director of Wildlife and Ecosystem Health. Beasley’s main collaborators, postdoctoral researcher Anna M. Schotthoefer and Rebecca A. Cole, a scientist with the National Wildlife Health Center in Madison, Wis. , say they agree. A series of their research projects -— two published in 2003 and another that will appear as a book chapter this year — dramatically refine the data on parasitic activity and argue that physically and chemically induced changes of aquatic habitats are taking a toll. “We have to be asking what human activities are contributing to imbalances in these ecosystems to set the stage for more severe infections, “ Beasley said. “It’s becoming a serious question of how we can better manage landscapes, streams, wetlands, ponds and lakes. Frogs are among the

first animals that young children see in a healthy wild place, but they are not finding them in the same numbers as in past years. “ Tadpoles (蝌蚪) of many species feed on algae converting the material into the protein, fat and other nutrients that are needed by other creatures higher in the food chain, Beasley said. Amphibians are clearly important players in ecosystem functioning, he added. “The frogs that develop from tadpoles subsequently eat up thousands of insects,” he said, “The frogs themselves are also important prey for reptiles, birds and mammals.” In the study funded by Chicago Zoological Society, Beasley’s team noted that Midwest landowners hollow out their ponds so that deep water prevents the establishment of aquatic plants.Such a practice allows for easier boating, swimming and fishing, but by eliminating aquatic plants, the habitat becomes structurally barren. Herbicide use also aggravates the problem and produces chemical changes. Plant-derived oxygen is reduced, and herbicides also may have direct toxic effects on tadpoles and other animals, Beasley said. The lack of vegetation may expose tadpoles to more parasites coming from the infected snails, because the tadpoles can’t hide or use the vegetation to brush off the parasites, Schotthoefer said. So while the parasites seem to contribute to declines and deformation in frog populations,the challenge is to find management approaches that put balance back into amphibian ecosystems, Beasley said.

101． Which of the following statements might Rebecca A. Cole agree? A．Amphibian habitats are under threat of exotic species. B．Human activities have done harm to amphibian habitats. C．Parasites have invaded and destroyed amphibian habitats.

D．No one can explain why amphibian habitats have been destroyed.

正确答案：B 解析：第二段指出比斯利的观点：两栖动物栖息地面临的种种问题是因人类活动而造成生态系统失衡的一个惨痛例证。从这里可以推断出人类活动对两栖动物栖息地造成了破坏。接下来表丽贝卡·A·科尔对这种观点表示认同，可见[B]为答案。这里提到两栖动物栖息地面临的问题是由人类活动所致，并未提到外来物种，排除[A]项。根据第二段的内容可排除[C]和[D]项。

102． One example of physically induced changes of aquatic habitats is A．easier boating. B．more fishing. C．herbicide use.

D．lack of aquatic plants.

正确答案：D 解析：第三段指出影响两栖动物生存的一个重要因素；物理因素和化学因素诱发了水中栖息地的变化。第六段和第七段则是对诱发的变化进行的具体阐释：土地所有者挖掘池塘，阻止了水生植物的生长，由于除去了水生植物，栖息地在

结构上变得单调贫乏；除草剂的使用使这一问题更加恶化并引起了化学变化。可见，由物理因素引起水生栖息地的变化是水生植物的缺失，故[D]为答案。

103． The phrase “taking a toll” in the third paragraph probably means A．causing many deaths. B．changing frogs’ behaviors.

C．accounting for human activities. D．posing a threat to parasites.

正确答案：A

解析：第四段对第三段末句进行了解释：我们必须要问，哪些人类活动的后果导致这些生态系统的失衡，造成了两栖动物更加严重的感染…青蛙是孩子们在健康的野外环境中首先看到的动物之一，但现在，孩子们找不到像过去那么多的青蛙了。由物理因素和化学因素诱发水生栖息地发生变化的结果是“两栖动物更易感染疾病”。具体事例就是“青蛙数量的减少”，即青蛙大量死亡，故[A]为答案。

104． Which creature is higher in the food chain than tadpoles or frogs? A．Insects. B．Algae. C．Eagles. D．Snails.

正确答案：C

解析：第五段最后指出：蝌蚪长成青蛙后能吃掉数干种昆虫。青蛙本身也是爬行动物、鸟类和哺乳动物的重要猎物。eagle“鹰”可以以青蛙为食，位于青蛙食物链的上端，故[C]为答案。根据第五段结尾排除[A]项。据第五段首句排除[B]项。倒数第二段提到了蜗牛，但这与第五段提到的食物链无关，排除[D]项。

105． We can conclude from the text that

A．the government is seeking a solution to the problems of amphibian habitats. B．tadpoles can make use of aquatic plants to get rid of parasites. C．parasites can cause great damage to frogs’ nerve center. D．tadpoles are infected after they eat infected snails.

正确答案：B 解析：倒数第二段指出：水生植被的缺少还可能使蝌蚪接触到更多来自染病蜗牛的寄生虫，因为蝌蚪不能躲藏或利用植被拂去这些寄生虫。由此可推知水生植物的一个用处是帮助蝌蚪除掉寄生虫，故[B]为答案。根据末段排除[A]项。[C]项和[D]项属于过度推断。

PART VI WRITING (45 MIN)

SECTION A COMPOSITION (35 MIN)

106． We can hear mobile phone ring no matter where we are and it is quite annoying sometimes. Write an article to call for people to turn off their mobile phone in public areas. Write on ANSWER SHEET THREE a composition of about 200 words: You are to write in three parts. In the first part, state specifically what your opinion is. In the second part, provide one or txvo reasons to support your opinion. In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary. You should supply an appropriate title for your composition. Marks will he awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to fallow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.

正确答案： Turn off Your Mobile Phone Let’s turn off our mobile phones in public! With the development of information technology and reduced price of communication products, the mobile phone has become a necessity for most people. It has also found its way into campuses where a host of students take advantage of this wonderful gadget to communicate with each other. Thanks to it, it’s easy for us to contact others or to be contacted by others anytime and anywhere. We will never miss any important meetings, important deals or admirable opportunities. Obviously, it shortens the distance between people and makes our life more convenient. However, have you noticed sometimes the mobile phone also brings embarrassment to us? It’s not rare to see someone pressing the mobile phone to his ear and shouting loudly in public as if there were no one else present. And I’m sure each one has had such an experience that the mobile phone rings continuously on a formal occasion. Perhaps these people have many life-and death reasons to keep the phone working at all times, but it interrupts people around them who have to hear what they don’t care about when they want to concentrate on what they’re doing. So if you are one of them, please shut off your cell phone in public, especially on a quiet and serious occasion. It’s a way of showing respect for others.

SECTION B NOTE-WRITING (10 MIN)

107． Write on ANSWER SHEET THREE a note of about 50 — 60 words based on the following situation: Your friend Mary has bought a new filling cabinet. You’re interested in it. Write a note to Mary asking some information about the cabinet. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness.

正确答案： April 21, 2012 Dear Mary, I’ve learnt that you have bought a new filling cabinet. Since I’m very interested in it, could you be kind enough to tell me some details about it? First, does it occupy a lot of space? Second, does it have a large capacity? I would be grateful if you let me know the above information and I am expecting your quick reply. Sincerely yours, Alice