外研社高一英语必修一知识点总结

：现在进行时表将来

现在进行时表将来，表示最近按或安排要进行的动作，常见的现在进行时表将来的动词有：come/ go / leave/ arrive / travel / take / stay/ do等.

例：1. Im coming. 我就来

2. what are you doing next Sunday 你下个星期天做什么 3. I hear that you are travelling along Mekong River. 我听说你将沿湄公河旅行

4. Where are you staying at night 你们晚上待在哪里/ ：直接引语和间接引语

概念：直接引语：直接引述别人的原话。一般前后要加引号。 间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话。间接引语在多数情况下可构成宾语从句且不要加引号。

例： Mr. Black said, Im busy. Mr. Black said that he was busy. 变化规则

(一)陈述句的变化规则

直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that(可省略)引导，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语都要发生相应的变化。

人称的变化人称的变化主要是要理解句子的意思

例：1. He said, I like it very much. He said that he liked it very much.

2. He said to me, Iv left my book in your room. He told me that he had left his book in my room. 时态的变化

例：

I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary, said Anne. Anne said that she didnt want to set down a series of facts in a diary.

The boy said, Im using a knife. The boy said that he was using a knife.

▲注意：如果直接引语是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变，如：

He said, Light travels much faster than sound.He said that light travels much faster than sound.

指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化 (二) 祈使句的变化规则

如果直接引语是祈使句，变为间接引语时，要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式，并根据句子意思在不定式前加上tell/ask/order等动词，如果祈使句是否定句，在不定式前面还要加上not。例： The hostess said to us, Please sit down. The hostess asked us to sit down.

He said, Dont make so much noise, boys. He told the boys not to make so much noise. (三)疑问句的变化规则

如果直接引语是疑问句，变为间接引语时要把疑问句语序变为陈述句语序，句末用句号。

一般疑问句：如果直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，谓语动词是say或said时，要改为 ask 或asked,原问句变为由if/whether 引导的宾语从句。例:

Do you think a diary can become your friend the writer says. The writer asks us if we think a diary can become our friend. 2) 特殊疑问句：如果间接引语是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，仍用原来的引导词，但疑问句要变为陈述句。例：

What do you want he asked me. He asked me what I wanted ：定语从句

概念：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。 成分：先行词，即被定语从句修饰的名词或代词;关系代词：that，which，who(宾格为whom,所有格为whose);或者关系副词where，when，why等。关系代词或关系副词处在先行词和定语从句之间，起着连接主从句的作用。 1. 关系代词that的用法

关系代词that在定语从句中既能指人，也能指物;既能做主语，也能做宾语

例：1)A plane is a machine that can fly. (指物，作主语) 2)The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious. (指物，作宾语) 3)Who is the man that is reading a book over there (指人，作主语)

4)The girl (that) we saw yesterday was Jims sister,(指人，作宾语) 2. 关系代词which的用法

关系代词which在定语从句中只能指物，但既可以做宾语也能作主语

例：1)They planted some trees which didnt need much water. (作主语)

2)The fish (which) we bought this morning were not fresh. (作宾语)

3. 关系代词who，whom的用法

关系代词who,whom 只能指人，在定语从句中分别作主语和宾语

例：1)The foreigner who helped us yesterday is from USA.(作主语)

2)The person to whom you just talked to is Mr. Li. (作宾语)、 4. 关系代词whose在的用法

关系代词whose为关系代词who的所有格形式，其先行词既可以是人也可以是物，whose和它所修饰的名词在定语从句中既可以做主语也可以做宾语。

例：1)This is the scientist whose name is known all over the world. (指人，作主语)

2) The room whose window faces south is mine. (指物，作主语) 3)He has written a book whose name Ive forgotten. (指物，作宾语)

5. 关系副词when的用法

关系副词when在定语从句中作时间状语

例：1)Ill never forget the time when (=during which) we worked on the farm.

2) Do you remember the afternoon when (=on which) we first met three years ago

6. 关系副词where在定语从句中的用法 关系副词where在定语从句中做地点状语

例：1)This is the place where( =at/ in which) we first met. 2) The hotel where (= in which ) we stayed wasnt very clean. 7. 关系副词why在定语从句中的用法 关系副词why在定语从句中作原因状语

例: 1). I didnt get a pay rise, but this wasnt the reason why(= for which) I left.

2). The reason why (=for which) he has late was that he missed the train.