初中英语时态总结

初中阶段，要求学生掌握动词6种时态的基本结构(一般现在时，一般过去时，现在进行时，过去进行时，现在完成时，和一般将来时态)及它们的主要用法和区别。了解过去将来、过去完成时态的基本用法，解题时注意找出关键词，正确判断出时态，按时态结构正确变化动词。注意句子时态的一致性，注意对特殊时态的处理。

1、一般现在时：
 用法:
1)现阶段经常性，习惯性的动作。例如：
Iget up at six every morning.

Heplays tennis once a week.

2)现在的状态。例如：
Mymother is a teacher. She teaches English in a school.

3）客观真理。例如：
Theearth goes around the sun.

4）常用于一般现在时态的时间状语：
often ，usually，sometimes，always，everyday ，never，inthe morning 等连用时。 构成：主语是I,we, you, they和名词复数时作谓语的行为动词用原形。主语是he,she , it和名 词单数时，动词第三人称单数的变法如下：

主语为第三人称和名词单数时：
肯定式:S+V/动词的第三人称单数

否定式:S+don't/doesn't +V+其他

疑问式:Do/Does+S+V+其他

简略回答:(肯)Yes,S+do/does

(否)No,S+do/doesnot

注意：have的第三人称单数为has

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 当主语是第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数时： 肯定式: S + be +···
否定式: S+ be +not + ···
疑问式: Am /Is /Are + S+ ···?

简略回答:(肯)Yes, S + be.

(否)No, S + be.

练习题：
1.--- May I help you, sir?

---Yes, I bought the TV the day before yesterday, but it ______.

A.didn’t work B. doesn’t work C. won’t work D. can’t work2．______the bus until it ______..

A. Get off, stops B. Get off, will stop C. Don’t get off, stops D. Don’t get off, will stop 3．The70-year-old man ______ exercises in the morning.

2.现在进行时
 用法：
1）说话时正在进行或发生的动作（动作是在说话时正在进行）。例如： She is having a bath now.

2）现阶段正在进行或发生的动作（但是动作并不是必须在说话时正在进行）。例如：Youare working hard today.

Katewants to work in Italy, so she is learning Italian.

Thepopulation of the world is growing very fast.

3）频度副词always,forever等词连用时，表示某种强烈的感情。如：
Heis always trying out new ideas. (表示欣赏，表扬)
4）表示按计划即将发生的动作（仅限于go,come, arrive, leave, start, fly, begin, stay 等动词）。如：Theparty is beginning at 8:00 o’clock..

5)常用于现在进行时态的时间状语：now,look,listen等。

 构成：
be+v-ing
v-ing现在分词的构成：

2)肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式：
肯定句：S+be+V-ing
否定句：S+be+not+ V-ing
一般疑问句：Is(Are)+S+V-ing？
特殊疑问：wh_+be + S + V-ing?

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e.g.

练习题：
1．Idon’t think that it’s true. She’s ______ lies.

2.How ______ you ______ with the new job?

3．---Are these socks yours?

---No. Mine ______ outside on the clothes line.

3．一般将来时
 用法：
1．将要发生的动作。例如：
Iwill leave for Beijing tomorrow.

2．将要存在的状态。例如：
Thistime next year I will be in Japan. Where will you be?

3．打算要做的事。例如：
Areyou going to watch the film on television tonight?

3)常用于一般将来时的时间状语：

1. 助动词will(shall)+v
2. be +going to +v
练习题：
1. I______ for Hong Kong on Saturday. Will you go to see me off atthe airport？

A.am leaving B. am left C. am going to leaving D. left
2.I______to see grandma and help her with some housework every week.

B.am going come C. come D. will come A. came
3.WeChinese ______ the Olympic Games in 2008.

A.held B. shall holding C. are holding D. are going to hold4．一般过去时
 用法：

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1．过去发生的动作。例如：
Thepolice stopped me on my way home last night.

2．过去存在的状态。例如：
Theyweren't able to come because they were so busy.

3.常用于一般过去时的时间状语：
yesterday，threemonths ago，lastyear，in1979，等。

 构成：
S+V-ed
用动词的过去式。作谓语的行为动词的词尾变化如下：

2）一般过去时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式（以be和like为例）：

练习题：
1．Mr.Mott is out. But he ______ here a few minutes ago.

2．---Hi,Tom.

---Hello,Fancy. I ______ you were here.

A.don’tknow B.won’t think C. think D.didn’t know 3．Hepromised to tell me by himself when I ______.

A.come B. would come C. come D. had come

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5、过去进行时
 概念：
1)过去某一阶段或某一时刻正在进行的动作。例如：Thistime last year I was living in Brazil.

Whatwere you doing at 10 o'clock last night?

2)常用于过去进行时的时间状语：
at four yesterday afternoon，then，atthat time/moment 等。

 构成： was/ were +v-ing
1）Daddypromised me he ______ me a computer
A.was bought B. had bought C bought D.would buy 2）Theysaid they ______ do some sports if it was fine.

A.were going to B. went C.would going D. were going

6、现在完成时
 概念：
1)表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果.常与already,just, ever, never, before等词连用.

如:
She has never read this novel.

2)表示“过去的动作”一直延续到现在并有可能继续延续下去.常与for(后跟段时间)或since(后跟点时间)等连用.如:
Ihave been a member of the Party for 10 years.

Ihave been a member of the Party since 10 years ago.

注：在有for和since引导时间状语的句子中不能用短暂性动词，应用与之相应的表示状态的词。如：
Hehas died for 3 years.(F)
Hehas been dead for 3 years.(T)
注：①现在完成时不能和表示明确的过去时间连用。如：in1998, last morning等
②have/hasbeen to 表示“去过”（去了又回来了）
have/hasgone to 表示“去过”（去了没回来了）
如：Wherehas she gone?(句中所指的人不在)
Wherehas she been?(句中作指的人在)
 构成：

have/ has + v-ing

2）现在完成时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式（以be和see为例）：

肯定句：S+have（has）+V-ed

否定句：S+have（has）+not(haven’t,hasn’t)+V-ed

一般疑问句：Have(Has)+S+V-ed+？

特殊疑问句：wh_+have(has)+S+V-ed+？
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练习题：
1.--Howlong ______ he ______ a fever?
---Ever since last night.

2.Mybowl is empty. Who ______ all my soup?

3.I ______ you for a long time. Where ______ you ______? A. Didn’tseen; did, go B.didn’t see; have, gone C. haven’t seen; have, been D.haven’t seen; have gone

7、过去完成时态
 用法：
1、表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。他表示的时间是“过去的过去”常与bylast year, by the time of yesterday,等连用。如：
She said she had seen the film 4 times.

WhenMr Li got to the classroom, all the students had begun reading.

Bythe time they arrived, the bus had left.

2、表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。常与for(后跟段时间)或since(后跟点时间)等连用.如:
She had worked in this school since it opened 25 years ago.

 构成：
肯定式：had+ V_ed
否定式：hadn’t+ V_ed
疑问式：Had… + V_ed
简略回答:Yes, S + have/has had.

No,S + had

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